. 2009 Nov 16;11(4):e45. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1220

Table 1.

Younger and older user characteristics by condition

	Age Group P^a	Younger Users					Older Users
		Hierarchical		Tag-Based		t^b	Hierarchical		Tag-Based		t^b
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t^b	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t^b
Age (years)		19.4	1.7	19.6	1.8	0.4	70.6	5.8	69.4	5.5	−0.8
Length of computer use^c	.002	5.0	0.0	5.0	0.2	−1.0	4.5	1.2	4.5	0.9	0.1
Frequency of computer use^d	.001	5.9	1.0	5.6	1.0	−1.1	5.0	1.4	4.8	1.6	−0.5
Number of medications taken^e	< .001	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.4	0.3	4.1	2.8	5.2	3.5	1.2
Health literacy^f	.12	35.2	1.1	35.5	0.7	1.2	34.6	2.6	35.1	1.3	0.9
Vocabulary^g	.001	30.2	3.2	27.2	5.9	−2.2	37.6	20.4	34.6	4.6	−0.7
Memory span^h	.02	10.6	2.0	9.8	2.9	−1.1	8.3	3.0	9.5	2.6	1.5
Spatial visualizationⁱ	< .001	5.8	2.1	6.0	2.0	0.4	3.5	1.6	4.2	1.4	1.6
Spatial orientation^j	.01	9.8	3.2	10.9	4.0	1.1	8.6	2.8	8.8	2.5	0.2
Perceptual speed^k	< .000	66.7	10.3	66.0	9.9	−0.3	49.1	10.8	50.3	8.6	0.4

^aOne-way ANOVA.

^b ttests showed no significant condition differences (within each age group) at P <.001 (stricter Pcriterion used to compensate for inflated degrees of freedom due to multiple comparisons).

^c Total length of computer experience on a scale of 1 (less than 6 months) to 5 (greater than 5 years).

^d Frequency of computer use on a scale of 1 (once every few months) to 7 (daily, most of the day).

^e Prescription medications only.

^f Test of health literacy composite score (STOFHLA) [15]; higher equals better health literacy.

^g Shipley vocabulary score; higher is better [16].

^h Reverse digit span [17].

ⁱ Paper folding test [18].

^j Cube comparison test [18].

^kDigit symbol substitution (number correct [19]).