Table 5.
Induction of CCL2 and CCL5 upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand activation.
| CTL | SLE | CTL | SLE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Induction of CCL2 (pg/ml) | Relative induction of CCL2 (%) | |||
| Medium | 1481 (666–4250) | 939 (364–4960) | 0 | 0 |
| PGN | 3609 (2530–11 900) | 8812 (3830–11 600) | 132 (−4·05 to 1670) | 1010 (318 to 3550) |
| LPS | 1519 (490–4060) | 2320 (962–3170) | −51·1 (−66·1 to 301) | 90·5 (−15·1 to 285) |
| Poly IC | 2716 (809–3810) | 1859 (1140–9280) | 50·6 (−4·05 to 172) | 43·9 (−5·15 to 306) |
| ssRNA | 1979 (1320–4120) | 3310 (357–7880) | 52·7 (−0·850 to 187) | 43·0 (−31·8 to 573) |
| Flagellin | 3665 (2550–11 200) | 6074 (910–8470) | 133 (42·6 to 1110) | 912 (68·0 to 1340) |
| R837 | 3863 (2870–4990) | 4330 (2 270–7410) | 120 (12·2 to 610) | 557 (235 to 1960) |
| CpG | 2588 (1990–3220) | 3290 (864–8750) | 47·5 (7·25 to 127) | 41·6 (9·10 to 392) |
| Induction of CCL5 (pg/ml) | Relative induction of CCL5 (%) | |||
| Medium | 455 (85·5–1430) | 379 (44·1–506) | 0 | 0 |
| PGN | 867 (160–2120) | 916 (99·5–1 200) | 109 (12·5 to 267) | 180 (125 to 287) |
| LPS | 1030 (213–2890) | 810 (167–1 890) | 145 (57·3 to 495) | 145 (125 to 391) |
| Poly IC | 775 (71·3–1160) | 390 (38·1–1 340) | −0·90 (−22·3 to 85·9) | −6·10 (−12·9 to 89·5) |
| ssRNA | 439 (72·2–2320) | 597 (33·6–2 340) | 20·9 (−12·9 to 78·5) | 25·3 (6·30 to 366) |
| Flagellin | 862 (318–2280) | 685 (124–1 500) | 135 (20·0 to 311) | 176 (48·5 to 266) |
| R837 | 446 (111–2260) | 558 (51·2–881) | 7·45 (−10·3 to 51·1) | 60·4 (42·4 to 120) |
| CpG | 333 (70·7–1 560) | 470 (33·9–1 110) | −20·8 (−36·0 to 29·8) | 25·6 (−10·2 to 70·9) |
Culture supernatant was obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with medium or TLR ligands for 24 h. The induction (pg/ml) and relative induction (%) of CCL2 and CCL5 by PBMC was analysed by flow cytometry. Numerical data were expressed as median (interquartile range). Mann–Whitney rank sum test was used to assess the differences of induction of chemokines between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n = 7) and control subjects (CTL, n = 8). All P > 0·05 comparing between controls and SLE patients. CpG, cytosine–phosphate–guanine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PGN, peptidoglycan; poly IC, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid.