Table 3.

Pairwise cross-species and PIC relationships between the six plant traits for woody species from the seven Neotropical forests

		Plant height	Wood density	Seed size	Fruit size	SLA	Leaf size
Plant height	r2		0·002	+0·12	+0·09	− 0·08	−0·01
	n	–	483	636	822	239	973
	P		0·313	<0·001	<0·001	<0·001	0·019
Wood density	r2	<0·001		+0·04	0·01	−0·003	−0·08
	n	167	–	394	352	191	438
	P	0·949		<0·001	0·107	0·418	<0·001
Seed size	r2	+0·04	0·02		+0·35	−0·04	−0·01
	n	214	143	–	622	242	532
	P	0·002	0·109		<0·001	0·001	0·088
Fruit size	r2	+0·06	0·001	+0·42		− 0·08	+0·02
	n	259	127	222	–	215	718
	P	<0·001	0·712	<0·001		<0·001	<0·001
SLA	r2	0·01	0·02	0·02	−0·04		0·002
	n	97	78	103	89	–	391
	P	0·281	0·196	0·129	0·047		0·419
Leaf size	r2	0·01	−0·02	0·01	+0·06	0·01
	n	260	156	190	225	148	–
	P	0·152	0·048	0·126	<0·001	0·178

Correlation data are given for species-based analyses above the diagonal and for PIC analyses below the diagonal. The sign of the correlation r value is indicated for relationships with P < 0·10; relationships for which P < 0·003 are shown in bold (Bonferroni correction for 15 comparisons: 0·05/15 = 0·003). All traits except wood density were log₁₀-transformed prior to analysis. Relationships between wood density and leaf size were considerable stronger when only simple-leaved species were considered. Species-based analysis: r² = 0·20, n = 309, P < 0·001; PIC analysis: r² = 0·12, n = 116, P < 0·001.