Abbreviations used in the text
| Abbreviation* | Full name/description |
|---|---|
| 35S | Promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus that makes a 35S RNA transcript |
| ABA | Abscisic acid |
| ABF | ABRE binding factor |
| ABI | Abscisic acid insensitive |
| ABRE | ABA response element |
| ACC | 1-amino-1-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ethylene precursor) |
| ACRE | Avr/Cf9 rapidly elicited |
| ACS | ACC synthase |
| AFB | Auxin signalling F-box protein |
| AFP | ABI5 binding protein |
| AIP | ABI3 interacting protein |
| AOS | Allene oxide synthase |
| AP | Apetala |
| APC | Anaphase promoting complex |
| ARF | Auxin response factor |
| ARIA | Arm protein repeat interacting with ABF2 |
| ARM | Armadillo, a protein interaction domain |
| ASK | Arabidopsis SKP1-like |
| At | Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) |
| ATL | Arabidopsis toxico para levadura (toxic to fungi) |
| Aux/IAA | Auxin/indole-3-acetic-acid |
| AuxRE | Auxin response element |
| Avr factor | Avirulence factor |
| AvrPtoB | Avirulence – Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato |
| AvrRpm | Avirulence – resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola |
| avrRpt | Avirulence – resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato |
| AXR | Auxin resistant |
| AXR3NT:GUS | Auxin resistant 3 N-terminus:beta-glucuronidase protein fusion |
| BAB | Bric-a-brac protein |
| BAK | BRI1 associated receptor kinase |
| BARD | BRCA1 associated RING domain |
| bes1-D | bri1-EMS-suppressor 1 dominant |
| BIN | Brassinosteroid insensitive |
| blastp | Basic local alignment search tool – protein |
| BRCA | Breast cancer (BRCA1 is an E3) |
| BRH | Brassinosteroid-responsive RING-H2 |
| BRI | Brassinosteroid insensitive |
| BSU | bri1 suppressor |
| BTB | Domain first found in the Drosophila proteins: broad complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac |
| BY | Bright yellow |
| bzr1-1D | Brassinazole-resistant 1–1dominant |
| C. fulvum | Cladosporum fulvum |
| CAND | Cullin associated and neddylation-dissociated |
| Cdc | Cell-division cycle |
| CDD | COP10, DET1, DDB1 complex |
| CDPK | Calcium-dependent protein kinase |
| Cdt | Cdc10-dependent transcript 2 |
| C. elegans | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| Cf | Required for resistance to Cladosporum fulvum |
| CFP | Cyan fluorescent protein |
| CHIP | C-terminal HSP interacting protein |
| c-Jun | Gene for this protein cloned from avian sarcoma isolate #17; ju-nana is 17 in japanese |
| Clink | Cell cycle link |
| CMPG | Cysteine-methionine-proline-glycine (first 4 strictly conserved amino acids within domain) |
| COI | Coronitine insensitive |
| COP | Constitutive photomorphogenic |
| CRL | Cullin RING ligase |
| CSN | COP9 signalosome |
| Ctf | Chromosome transmission fidelity |
| CTR | Constitutive triple response |
| CUE | Ubiquitin-binding domain identified in yeast Cue1p |
| CUL | Cullin |
| DCAF | DDB1-cullin4-associated factor |
| DCN | Defective in cullin neddylation |
| DDB | Damaged DNA binding |
| DET | De-etiolated |
| DsRed | Discosoma sp. ‘red’ (fluorescent protein) |
| E1 | Enzyme 1 (same as UBA, ubiquitin activating enzyme) |
| E2 | Enzyme 2 (same as UBC, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme) |
| E2F | E2 promoter binding factor |
| E3 | Enzyme 3 (same as ubiquitin protein ligase) |
| EAR | ERF-associated amphiphilic repression |
| EBF | EIN3-binding F-box |
| Ebi | Shrimp (in Japanese) |
| ECR | E1 C-terminal related |
| EID | Empfindlicher im dunkelroten licht (sensitive to far-red light – German) |
| EIL | EIN3-like |
| EIN | Ethylene insensitive |
| EIR | Ethylene insensitive root |
| EL5 | Elicitor induced |
| ELI | Elicitor-activated gene |
| EOL | ETO-like |
| ERF | Ethylene response factor |
| ERS | Ethylene response sensor |
| ETO | Ethylene overproduction |
| ETR | Ethylene receptor |
| FBNYV | Faba bean necrotic yellow virus |
| FLAG | Synthetic epitope tag |
| flg22 | Flagellin (22 amino acids from N-terminal part of protein) |
| FUS | Fusca |
| GA | Gibberellic acid/gibberellins |
| GA2ox | GA 2-oxidase |
| GA3ox | GA 3-oxidase |
| GAI | GA (gibberellin) insensitive |
| GAMYB | Gibberellin-inducible Myb (identified from an oncogene in avian myeblastosis virus) |
| GFP | Green fluorescent protein |
| GID | Gibberellin insensitive dwarf |
| GMPOZ | GAMYB associated BTB/POZ protein |
| GSK | Glycogen synthase kinase |
| GST | Glutathione-S-transferase |
| GTPase | Guanosine triphosphatase |
| GUS | Beta-glucuronidase |
| HA | Peptide sequence from influenza haemagglutinin protein (epitope tag) |
| HAUSP | Herpes-associated ubiquitin-specific protease |
| HcPro | Helper component protease |
| HDAC | Histone deacetylase |
| HECT | Homologous to E6-AP COOH terminus |
| HLS | Hookless |
| HR | Hypersensitive response |
| HSL | Hormone-sensitive lipase |
| HSP90 | Heat shock protein 90 kDa |
| HSS | Hookless1 suppressor |
| Hv | Hordeum vulgare (barley) |
| HY | Long hypocotyl |
| IAA | Indole-3-acetic acid |
| INA | 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (synthetic inducer of SAR) |
| ISR | Induced systemic resistance |
| JA | Jasmonic acid |
| JAI | Jasmonate insensitive |
| Keap | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein |
| LMV | Lettuce mosaic virus |
| LRA | Loss of recognition of avrRpm1 |
| LRR | Leucine-rich repeat |
| LUC | Photinus pyralis luciferase (firefly) |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MATH | Meprin and TRAF homology |
| MEI | Meiotic |
| MeJA | Methyl jasmonate |
| MEL | Maternal effect lethality |
| MG132 | Carboxybenzyl-leucyl-leucyl-leucinal (proteasome inhibitor) |
| Mla | Mildew resistance locus A |
| MPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Myc | Epitope tag from c-Myc protein (originally identified from a chicken with myelocytomatosis) |
| 1-NAA | 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (synthetic auxin) |
| NAC | NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factors |
| NBS | Nucleotide binding site |
| NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| NCED | Nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase |
| NEDD | Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene |
| NIM | Non-inducible immunity |
| NPB | Nuclear protein body |
| NPR | Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes |
| Nrf | NF-E2-related factor |
| Ns | Nicotiana sylvestris |
| Nt | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) |
| Os | Orzya sativa (rice) |
| P. syringae | Pseudomonas syringae |
| PAMP | Pathogen associated molecular pattern |
| PBS | avrPphB susceptible |
| Pc | Petroselinum crispum (parsley) |
| Plant defensin | |
| Pep25 | 25 amino acids from the 42-kDa Phytophthora sojae glycoprotein elicitor |
| PEST domain | Enriched in proline, glutamate, serine, threonine |
| PHOR | Photoperiod-responsive |
| Phy | Phytochrome |
| PI-II | Proteinase inhibitor-II |
| PIL | PIF3-like |
| PIN | Pin-formed |
| POZ | Pox virus and zinc finger |
| PR | Pathogenesis-related |
| pRB | Phosphorylated retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein |
| PUB | Plant U-box |
| R gene/protein | Resistance gene/protein |
| RAC | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate |
| RAR | Required for MlA12 resistance |
| RBX | RING-box protein, same as ROC1 and Hrt1p |
| RCE | RUB conjugating enzyme |
| Rcy | Recycling |
| RdRp | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| RGA | Repressor of ga1-3 |
| RGL | RGA-like |
| RGS | Epitope tag with arginine-glycine-serine upstream of a polyhistidine tract |
| RHA | RING-H2 group A |
| RIN | RPM1-interacting protein |
| RING | Really interesting new gene protein domain |
| RMA | RING finger protein with membrane anchor |
| RNAi | RNA interference |
| ROC | Regulator of cullins |
| RPD | Reduced potassium dependency |
| RPM | Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola |
| RPN | Regulatory particle non-ATPase |
| RPS | Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato |
| RUB | Related to ubiquitin |
| Rubisco | Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase |
| Rx | R protein conferring resistance to potato virus X |
| SA | Salicylic acid |
| SAI | Salicylic acid insensitive |
| SAR | Systemic acquired resistance |
| SCF | Skp1-Cullin1-F-box |
| SGT | Suppressor of G2 allele of skp1 |
| Siah | Seven in absentia homologue |
| SINA | Seven in absentia |
| SINAT | SINA of Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SIP | Siah-interacting protein |
| SIPK | Salicylic-acid induced protein kinase |
| SKP | S phase kinase-associated protein |
| Sl | Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) |
| SLN | Slender |
| SLR | Slender rice |
| SLY | Sleepy |
| SNE | Sneezy |
| SON | Suppressor of nim1-1 |
| Spd | S-phase delayed |
| Spl | Spotted leaf |
| TGA | Bind to DNA element with core sequence TGACG |
| TIR1 | Transport inhibitor response1 |
| TIR-NBS-LRR | Toll Interleukin1 Receptor–Nucleotide Binding Site–Leucine-Rich Repeat |
| TLP | TUBBY-like protein |
| TMV | Tobacco mosaic virus |
| ToMV | Tomato mosaic virus |
| TYMV | Turnip yellow mosaic virus |
| Ub | Ubiquitin |
| UBA | Ubiquitin activating enzyme |
| UBC | Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme |
| UbDHFR | Ubiquitin fused to the N-terminus of dihydrofolate reductase |
| UbKn | Ubiquitin lysine n, where n indicates specific lysine residue |
| U-box | UFD2-homology domain |
| UEV | Ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme variant |
| UFO | Unusual floral organs |
| UPL | Ubiquitin protein ligase |
| UPS | Ubiquitin proteasome system |
| VIP | Vir-E2 interacting protein |
| VirE2 | Virulence E2 |
| VirF | Virulence F |
| WD40 | ∼40-amino-acid residue domain with tryptophan and aspartate residues in conserved positions |
| WDXR | Motif with the sequence tryptophan-aspartate-any amino acid-arginine. |
| Wnt | Wingless and int proteins |
| XBAT | XB3 orthologue 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana |
| XB3 | Rice Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae resistance 21 binding protein |
* Numbers at the end of abbreviations have been removed when they do not convey functional information. All genes/proteins found in the text with the same abbreviations (but different numbers) have the same names.