Fig. 9.

In the case of immediate branching (Juglans regia, A), the first internode is generally long and termed the hypopodium (h). Delayed branching refers to a system where lateral branching follows a resting phase of the lateral meristem during which it is frequently included in a bud. When elongated, such delayed branching lateral shoots frequently show a short first internode and proximal scale leaves or bud scale scars when abscissed (Platanus sp., B). x, apical mortality; α, prophyll alpha; αs, scar of abscissed prophyll alpha.