Table 1.

Demographics, anthropometrics, energy density, diet quality, and food security of mothers by race/ethnicity (African American [AA], Hispanic American [HA], or white [W]) and state of residence (Texas [TX] or Alabama [AL]) presented as means ± standard deviation (SD) or percentages^a

Characteristicb	Total sample		TX HA		TX AA		AL AA		AL W
	mean ± SD
Age, y (n = 604)	29 ± 5.8		30 ± 5.7		30 ± 5.9		30 ± 6.5		28 ± 5.1
No. in household (n = 603)	4.4 ± 1.6		4.7 ± 1.6		4.5 ± 1.8		4.2 ± 1.4		4.3 ± 1.5
Range	1–12		2–12		1–10		2–12		2–12
Body mass index (n = 591)c	31 ± 8.0		30 ± 6.1x		32 ± 7.8xy		33 ± 9.1y		30 ± 8.6x
EI:BMRd	1.1 ± 0.6		1.4 ± 0.7x		0.9 ± 0.4w		0.8 ± 0.4w		1.0 ± 0.5w
	n %
Race/ethnicity, self-defined	610	100	195	33	115	19	146	24	147	24
EI:BMR <1.3	464	76	103w	52	108wx	92	130x	89	123x	84
Education completed
High school or less	357	59	151x	76	46w	39	73wz	50	87z	59
Some college/technical school	200	33	34x	17	53xy	45	59y	40	54xy	37
College graduate and higher	53	9	15wz	7	18w	16	14wz	10	6z	4
Marital status
Married	282	46	106xz	53	35w	30	39w	27	102z	69
Divorced/widowed/separated	115	19	34	17	19	16	30	20	32	22
Never married	170	28	27xz	14	56w	48	74w	51	13z	9
Other	43	7	33x	17	7wy	6	3y	2	0y	0
Body mass index category
<25.0 Normal/underweight	165	27	58x	29	25w	22	26w	18	56x	38
25.01–30.0 Overweight	287	47	109x	54	53w	45	64w	44	61w	42
>30.01 Obese	158	26	33yz	17	39yz	33	56w	38	30z	20

^aMeans or percentages with the same superscripts (w, x, y, z) did not differ significantly from each other.

^bNumbers do not always equal 610, because not all participants provided complete data (eg, seven women did not report race/ethnicity so their data are only in the totals).

^cBody mass index calculated as kg/m². Heights or weights were missing for 13 participants.

^dEnergy intake in kilocalories/basal metabolic rate; values less than 1.3 are considered unlikely to be adequate for weight maintenance at sedentary activity levels.