Table 4.
Multivariable Relative and Hypothesized Population Attributable Risks of Incident Hypertension among 83,882 Young Women with Multiple Low Risk Factors and Stratified by Oral Contraceptive Hormone Use.
| Constellation of factors | No. (%)ξ | No. of cases | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | Hypothesized ARD | Hypothesized NNT over 10 years | Hypothesized PAR, % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No OC use | ||||||
| Three low-risk factors* | 588 (4.3) | 58 | 0.40 (0.30-0.51) | 6.84 | 14.6 | 59 (48-69) |
| Highest DASH quintile | ||||||
| Daily vigorous exercise | ||||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Four low-risk factors† | 273 (2.0) | 20 | 0.33 (0.21-0.51) | 7.40 | 13.5 | 67 (48-79) |
| Highest DASH quintile | ||||||
| Daily vigorous exercise | ||||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Alcohol intake 0.1-10.0 g/d | ||||||
| Five low-risk factors‡ | 150 (1.1) | 6 | 0.20 (0.09-0.44) | 8.78 | 11.4 | 80 (56-91) |
| Highest DASH quintile | ||||||
| Daily vigorous exercise | ||||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Alcohol intake 0.1-10.0 g/d | ||||||
| Analgesic use <1 d/w | ||||||
| Six low-risk factors§ | 55 (0.4) | 2 | 0.17 (0.04-0.70) | 9.06 | 11.0 | 83 (30-96) |
| Highest DASH quintile | ||||||
| Daily vigorous exercise | ||||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Alcohol intake 0.1-10.0 g/d | ||||||
| Analgesic use <1 d/w | ||||||
| Folic acid suppl ≥ 400 μg/d | ||||||
| OC use | ||||||
| Three low-risk factors* | 1,755 (2.5) | 87 | 0.51 (0.42-0.64) | 5.4 | 18.5 | 48 (35-57) |
| Four low-risk factors† | 983 (1.4) | 44 | 0.48 (0.36-0.65) | 5.57 | 18.0 | 52 (35-64) |
| Five low-risk factors‡ | 562 (0.8) | 15 | 0.34 (0.20-0.56) | 7.06 | 14.2 | 66 (44-80) |
| Six low-risk factors§ | 140 (0.2) | 4 | 0.27 (0.10-0.72) | 7.77 | 12.9 | 73 (28-90) |
ARD, absolute rate difference, expressed as cases per 1000 person-years; NNT, number needed to treat; PAR, population attributable risk
Adjusted for age, race, use of oral contraceptive pills, smoking status, and for alcohol, analgesic, and supplemental folic acid intake.
Adjusted for age, race, use of oral contraceptive pills, smoking status, and for alcohol and supplemental folic acid intake.
Adjusted for age, race, use of oral contraceptive pills, smoking status, and for supplemental folic acid intake.
Adjusted for age, race, use of oral contraceptive pills, smoking status
The percent of women shown represents the percent of those within the given strata (i.e., among those who do and do not use oral contraceptive hormones).
The hypothesized absolute rate difference is the adjusted difference in hypertension incidence rate among the higher risk group minus the incidence rate among the lower risk group.
The hypothesized number needed to treat is hypothesized number of higher-risk women that would have to “adopt” the low-risk constellation for a period of 10 years to prevent the occurrence of one hypertension case.
The hypothesized population attributable risk is the percentage of new hypertension cases in the population that would theoretically not have occurred if all women had been in the low-risk group.
OCP, oral contraceptive pill.