Table 5.
Multivariable Relative and Hypothesized Population Attributable Risks of Incident Hypertension among 83,882 Young Women with Multiple Low Risk Factors and Stratified by Body Mass Index.
| Constellation of factors | No. (%)‡ | No. of cases | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | Hypothesized ARD | Hypothesized NNT | Hypothesized PAR, % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal, BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Four low-risk factors* | 847 (1.4) | 21 | 0.46 (0.30-0.71) | 3.19 | 31.3 | 54 (29-70) |
| Highest DASH quintile | ||||||
| Daily vigorous exercise | ||||||
| Alcohol intake 0.1-10.0 g/d | ||||||
| Analgesic use <1 d/w | ||||||
| Five low-risk factors† | 242 (0.4) | 6 | 0.38 (0.17-0.86) | 3.65 | 27.4 | 62 (14-83) |
| Highest DASH quintile | ||||||
| Daily vigorous exercise | ||||||
| Alcohol intake 0.1-10.0 g/d | ||||||
| Analgesic use <1 d/w | ||||||
| Folic acid suppl ≥ 400 μg/d | ||||||
| Overweight, BMI, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Four low-risk factors | 113 (0.7) | 11 | 0.53 (0.29-0.96) | 6.83 | 14.6 | 47 (4-71) |
| Five low-risk factors | 32 (0.2) | 3 | 0.43 (0.14-1.33) | NS | NS | 57 (0-86) |
| Obese, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | ||||||
| Four low-risk factors | 22 (0.3) | 9 | 0.95 (0.49-1.84) | NS | NS | 5 (0-51) |
| Five low-risk factors | 7 (0.1) | 2 | 0.57 (0.14-2.31) | NS | NS | 43 (0-86) |
ARD, absolute rate difference, expressed as cases per 1000 person-years; NNT, number needed to treat; PAR, population attributable risk; NS, not computed due to non-significant results
Adjusted for age, race, family history of hypertension, use of oral contraceptive pills, smoking status, and supplemental folic acid intake.
Adjusted for age, race, family history of hypertension, use of oral contraceptive pills, and smoking status.
The percent of women shown represents the percent of those within the given strata of BMI.
The hypothesized absolute rate difference is the adjusted difference in hypertension incidence rate among the higher risk group minus the incidence rate among the lower risk group.
The hypothesized number needed to treat is hypothesized number of higher-risk women that would have to “adopt” the low-risk constellation for a period of 10 years to prevent the occurrence of one hypertension case.
The hypothesized population attributable risk is the percentage of new hypertension cases in the population that would theoretically not have occurred if all women had been in the low-risk group.