Table 4.

Statistics for Construct Validity Models for the Variables Hypothesized to Reflect Cognitive Reserve in the Primary Sample

	Model
Variable	A	B	C	D
Fit statistics
X2	0	81.35	73.34	72.558
df	0	38	35	32
X2/df		2.14	2.10	2.27
CFI	1	0.98	0.98	0.98
RMSEA		0.056	0.055	0.059
Loadings on CR construct
CR -> PPVT	.92***	.93***	.92***	.55***
CR -> Education	.59***	.59***	.48***	.33***
CR -> WRAT	.88***	.87***	.92***	.56***
Correlations with other constructs
CR <-> Memory		.45***	.46***
CR <-> Speed		−.34***	−.37***
CR <-> Exec Function		.77***	.78***
	Memory	Speed	Exec Function
Loadings on other constructs
Model C
PPVT
Education			.14
WRAT		.08	−.01
Model D
PPVT	−.15	.17*	.93***
Education	−.02	.05	.54***
WRAT	−.15	.25**	.91***

Note. CFI= Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA= Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; CR = Cognitive Reserve; PPVT= Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; WRAT= Wide Range Achievement Test.

^*p <.05.

^**p <.01.

^***p <.001. In the top part of the table, each column corresponds to a Model (A– D). Values of goodness-of-fit indices are reported in the first five rows. The values in the second set of rows correspond to the loadings of each target variable on the cognitive reserve construct (when a loading is significant it means that the value is significantly greater than zero). The values in the third set of rows correspond to the inter-factor correlations between the cognitive reserve construct and each of the non-target constructs. In the bottom part of the table each column corresponds to each of the of non-target constructs included in the analyses. The values reported in the rows are the loadings from each of the cognitive reserve variables to the non-target constructs. For Model C these are the loadings that significantly improved the fit of the model when included in the model. In Model D each of the cognitive reserve variables loads simultaneously on each of the non-target constructs (as well as on the cognitive reserve construct).