Table 4.
Association of floral characteristics (rows) with flower shape (columns). The observed/expected number of species (genera in brackets) for each feature are shown for each cell
| Traits and features | Dish | Inconspicuous | Tube | Zygomorphic | df | G | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollination | 3 | 219·84 (111·1) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Abiotic | 1/30 (1/15) | 70/22 (37/12) | 0/13 (0/7) | 0/6 (0/4) | |||
| Biotic | 112/83 (62/48) | 15/63 (12/37) | 49/36 (31/24) | 22/16 (18/14) | |||
| Life form | 3 | 29·19 (5·9) | <0·0001 (0·115) | ||||
| Herb | 55/69 (35/40) | 67/52 (34/31) | 24/30 (19/20) | 19/13 (15/12) | |||
| Wood | 58/44 (28/23) | 18/33 (15/18) | 25/19 (12/11) | 3/9 (3/6) | |||
| Sex expression | 6 | 19·72 (22·53) | 0·0031 (0·001) | ||||
| Dioecy | 16/15 (6/6) | 12/11 (8/5) | 8/7 (1/3) | 0/3 (0/2) | |||
| Hermaphrodite | 84/84 (48/48) | 56/63 (28/37) | 38/36 (28/23) | 22/16 (18/14) | |||
| Monoecy | 13/14 (9/9) | 17/10 (13/7) | 3/6 (2/5) | 0/3 (0/3) | |||
| Flower colour | 9 | 141·77 (64·41) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Subdued | 15/38 (8/20) | 69/28 (36/15) | 3/16 (3/10) | 3/7 (3/6) | |||
| Vivid | 21/19 (15/12) | 2/14 (2/9) | 16/8 (9/6) | 6/4 (5/3) | |||
| White | 59/41 (32/23) | 7/31 (6/18) | 23/18 (15/11) | 8/8 (6/7) | |||
| Yellow | 18/16 (8/8) | 7/12 (5/6) | 7/7 (4/4) | 5/3 (4/2) | |||
| Flower size | 6 | 166·75 (85·74) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Large | 41/36 (23/20) | 0/27 (0/15) | 27/15 (14/10) | 17/7 (13/6) | |||
| Small | 49/33 (25/20) | 10/25 (9/16) | 14/14 (12/10) | 5/9 (5/6) | |||
| Very small | 23/45 (15/23) | 75/33 (40/18) | 8/19 (5/12) | 0/9 (0/7) | |||
| Habit | 6 | 42·84 (33·34) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Open | 74/78 (45/43) | 66/58 (34/34) | 34/34 (22/21) | 11/15 (10/12) | |||
| Surface | 32/20 (17/11) | 12/15 (10/9) | 4/9 (2/6) | 0/4 (0/3) | |||
| Understory | 7/15 (1/8) | 7/11 (5/6) | 11/7 (7/4) | 11/3 (8/2) | |||
| Inflorescence size | 6 | 44·7 (23·42) | <0·0001 (0·0007) | ||||
| 1 | 34/25 (20/14) | 6/19 (4/11) | 15/11 (9/7) | 4/5 (4/4) | |||
| 10 | 56/58 (28/32) | 37/43 (23/25) | 27/25 (18/16) | 17/11 (13/9) | |||
| 100 | 23/31 (15/16) | 42/23 (22/13) | 7/13 (4/8) | 1/6 (1/5) |
N = 269 species (161 genera) for all comparisons. A conservative rejection level is P = 0·05/247 = 0·0002.