Table 5.
Association of floral characteristics (rows) with flower colour (columns). The observed/expected number of species (genera in brackets) for each feature are shown for each cell
| Traits and features | Subdued | Vivid | White | Yellow | d.f. | G | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollination | 3 | 136·79 (71·26) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Abiotic | 63/24 (33/12) | 1/12 (1/7) | 4/26 (3/14) | 3/10 (1/5) | |||
| Biotic | 27/66 (17/38) | 44/33 (30/24) | 93/71 (56/45) | 34/27 (20/16) | |||
| Life form | 3 | 45·44 (21·98) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Herb | 74/55 (42/32) | 31/28 (22/20) | 35/59 (25/38) | 25/23 (14/13) | |||
| Wood | 16/35 (8/18) | 14/17 (9/11) | 62/38 (34/21) | 12/14 (7/8) | |||
| Sex expression | 6 | 4·9 (6·42) | 0·5564 (0·377) | ||||
| Dioecy | 9/12 (6/5) | 4/6 (1/3) | 18/13 (4/5) | 5/5 (4/2) | |||
| Hermaphrodite | 70/67 (36/38) | 35/33 (27/23) | 66/72 (44/45) | 29/28 (15/16) | |||
| Monoecy | 11/11 (8/7) | 6/6 (3/4) | 13/12 (11/9) | 3/5 (2/3) | |||
| Flower shape | 9 | 141·77 (64·41) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Dish | 15/38 (8/20) | 21/19 (15/12) | 59/41 (32/23) | 18/16 (8/8) | |||
| Inconspicuous | 69/28 (36/15) | 2/14 (2/9) | 7/31 (6/18) | 7/12 (5/6) | |||
| Tube | 3/16 (3/10) | 16/8 (9/6) | 23/18 (15/11) | 7/7 (4/4) | |||
| Zygomorphic | 3/7 (3/6) | 6/4 (5/3) | 8/8 (6/7) | 5/3 (4/2) | |||
| Flower size | 6 | 96·65 (40·81) | <0·0001 (<0·0001) | ||||
| Large | 4/28 (4/16) | 18/14 (12/10) | 45/31 (24/18) | 18/12 (10/7) | |||
| Small | 16/26 (10/16) | 16/13 (12/10) | 34/28 (22/19) | 12/11 (7/7) | |||
| Very small | 70/35 (36/19) | 11/18 (7/12) | 18/38 (13/22) | 7/15 (4/8) | |||
| Habit | 6 | 21·17 (14·84) | 0·0017 (0·022) | ||||
| Open | 70/62 (38/34) | 36/31 (27/21) | 51/67 (31/41) | 28/25 (15/14) | |||
| Surface | 11/16 (6/9) | 3/8 (3/6) | 29/17 (17/11) | 5/7 (3/4) | |||
| Understory | 9/12 (6/7) | 6/6 (1/4) | 17/13 (11/8) | 4/5 (3/3) | |||
| Inflorescence size | 6 | 34·47 (21·62) | <0·0001 (0·001) | ||||
| 1 | 8/20 (5/11) | 18/10 (13/7) | 16/21 (9/14) | 17/8 (10/5) | |||
| 10 | 47/46 (28/25) | 20/23 (14/16) | 56/49 (34/30) | 14/19 (6/11) | |||
| 100 | 35/24 (17/13) | 7/12 (4/8) | 25/26 (16/15) | 6/10 (5/5) |
N = 269 species (161 genera) for all comparisons. A conservative rejection level is P = 0·05/247 = 0·0002.