Table 2.
Sex, age, growth, infection status, and ultrasound findings from 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, and as repeated measures
| Repeated measures (N = 387) | 2000 (N = 145) | 2002 (N = 103) | 2005 (N = 56) | 2007 (N = 83) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, no. of individuals | 202 (52.2%) | 77 (53.1%) | 53 (51.5%) | 26 (46.4%) | 46 (55.4%) |
| Age, years | |||||
| mean (95% CI) | 12.7 (12.3–13.1) | 10.4 (9.9–11.0) | 12 (11.3–12.6) | 14.6 (13.6–15.6) | 16.2 (15.5–17.0) |
| 5–9 yr no. | 36 (37.9%) | 65 (44.8%) | 31 (30.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| 10–14 yr no. | 42 (44.2%) | 61 (42.1%) | 44 (42.7%) | 33 (58.9%) | 31 (37.4%) |
| ≥15 yr, no. | 17 (17.9%) | 19 (13.1%) | 28 (27.2%) | 23 (41.1%) | 52 (62.7%) |
| Parenchymal grade, no.* | |||||
| Grade 0 | 368 (95.1%) | 137 (94.5%) | 99 (96.1%) | 53 (94.6%) | 79 (95.2%) |
| Grade 1 | 14 (3.6%) | 7 (4.8%) | 2 (1.9%) | 3 (5.4%) | 2 (2.4%) |
| Grade 2 | 5 (1.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.4%) |
| Grade 3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Left liver lobe, mean (95% CI)† | 70 (69.0–71.0) | 65.5 (63.8–67.2) | 70.1 (68.4–71.7) | 73.1 (70.6–75.6) | 75.7 (73.5–77.8) |
| Left liver lobe enlarged, no.‡ | 28 (7.2%) | 4 (2.8%) | 6 (5.8%) | 7 (12.5%) | 11 (13.3%) |
| Right liver lobe, mean (95% CI)§ | 110.3 (108.8–111.8) | 106.7 (104.1–109.3) | 105.4 (102.8–108) | 112.3 (109.2–115.5) | 121.2 (118.6–123.9) |
| Right liver lobe enlarged, no.‡ | 36 (9.3%) | 15 (10.3%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | 18 (21.7%) |
| Portal vein branch, average diameter (95% CI)¶** | 3.7 (3.6–3.8) | 3.5 (3.4–3.6) | 3.5 (3.4–3.6) | 3.5 (3.4–3.7) | 4.4 (4.2–4.5) |
| Periportal fibrosis, no. | |||||
| Stage 0: < 3 mm | 38 (9.8%) | 16 (11%) | 14 (13.6%) | 8 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Stage 1: 3–5 mm | 337 (87.1%) | 128 (88.3%) | 89 (86.4%) | 48 (85.7%) | 72 (86.9%) |
| Stage 2: > 5 mm | 11 (2.8%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (12.1%) |
| Stage 3: > 7 mm | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.2%) |
| Portal vein diameter (95% CI)†† | 8.2 (8–8.4) | 7.6 (7.3–7.8) | 8.4 (8.1–8.7) | 8.6 (8.2–9.0) | 8.9 (8.4–9.5) |
| Portal vein enlarged, no.‡ | 15 (3.9%) | 6 (4.1%) | 7 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.4%) |
| Spleen thickness (95% CI)‡‡ | 27.8 (27.3–28.3) | 25.9 (25.2–26.6) | 27.6 (26.6–28.6) | 28.6 (27.3–30.0) | 30.9 (29.9–32.0) |
| Spleen thickened‡ | 10 (2.6%) | 3 (2.1%) | 4 (3.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.6%) |
| Spleen length (95% CI)§§ | 86.2 (83.0–89.4) | – | – | – | 86.2 (83.0–89.4) |
| Spleen lengthened‡ | 1/83 (1.2%) | – | – | – | 1 (1.2%) |
| Splenic vein diameter¶(95% CI) | 6.1 (6.0–6.2) | 6.1 (5.9–6.2) | 6 (5.7–6.2) | 5.8 (5.5–6.0) | 6.7 (6.4–6.9) |
| Splenic vein enlarged (> 8 mm)** | 12 (3.1%) | 1 (0.7%) | 6 (5.8%) | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (4.8%) |
Liver fibrosis subcostal transhepatic view. Grade 0, normal; grade 1, hyperechoic spots in the liver and exture without clear bands; grade 2, echogenic dots showing a “fine fish-scale” pattern and multiple focal echodense areas (< 20 mm in diameter); grade 3, echodense bands forming a contiguous network, multiple focal echodense areas (> 20 mm in diameter), and masses of central fibrosis.
Length of left liver lobe in a longitudinal section at left parasternal line.
> 2 SDs above the mean of a healthy Chinese reference population (height adjusted).
Anterior axillary view and maximum oblique diameter between front and back sections with inspiration.
Second-order branches (measure of periportal fibrosis): average of three measurements of outer wall to outer wall (grade 0, < 3 mm; grade 1, 3–5 mm; grade 2, > 5–7 mm; grade 3, > 7 mm).
Standarad cutoffs used to define morbidity.
Maximum internal diameter assessed at level of hilus for main portal vein.
Thickness of spleen from hilum to opposite section.
Length of spleen in left oblique view with maximum length in a section through the splenic hilus.
Inner wall to inner wall diameter; enlargement is defined as > 8 mm.