Table 3.

Predicted other effects

a) Irregular > regular (whole-brain analysis)	Over groups			British group			Italian group
	x,y,z	Z	V001	x, y, z	Z	V001	x, y, z	Z	V001
Left pars orbitalis	−38, 32, −6	5.0	119	−40, 32, −6	3.5	8	−36, 30, −4	5.0	93
	−38, 44, −10	3.1		−38, 44, −10	2.3		−50, 38, −12	3.8
	−48, 36, −12	3.1		−48, 34, −14	1.6		−40, 40, −14	3.0
Left anterior O.T.s (ROI = −42 −42 −18)	−46, −48, −16	3.5	32	−40, −46, −12	4.9	136	−42 −38 −14	2.0	0
b) Pseudoword reading	Over groups			British group			Italian group
	x, y,z	Z	V001	x, y, z	Z	V001	x, y,z	Z	V001
Left dorsal premotor cortex (ROI = −56 0 40)	−46, 0, 32	5.6	426	−52, 6, 36	4.1	237	−46, 0, 34	4.0	177
	−50, 4, 40	4.0		−48, −2, 44	2.3		−50, 0, 40	3.3
Left posterior O.T.s. (ROI = −46 −60 −18)	−50, −60, −18	4.3	51	−52, −60, −18	4.1	22	−46, −58, −14	3.6	7
c) Processing load	Over groups			British group			Italian group
	x,y, z	Z	V001	x, y, z	Z	V001	x, y, z	Z	V05
Left pars opercularis (ROI = −54 8 18)	−60, 12, 14	4.3	41	−60, 12, 14	4.2	22	−50, 8, 14	3.1	254
Left mid O.T.s (ROI = −46 −54 −18)	−44, −52, −12	4.1	51	−44, −54, −12	4.4	22	−46, −54, −16	2.5	90
Right cerebellum	28, −64, −32	4.8	159	28, −64, −32	3.8	24	32, −60, −30	3.6	44
Left putamen	−24, 2, −2	4.9	135	−24, 2, −2	4.9	91	−24, 0, 2	2.1	7
d) Second > first language (whole-brain analysis)	Over groups			British group			Italian group
	x,y, z	Z	V001	x, y,z	Z	V001	x, y, z	Z	V001
Left dorsal premotor cortex	−48, 2, 34	5.6	865	−44, 2, 30	4.5	245	−48, 0, 36	4.8	77
	−50, 0, 40	4.3		52, 2, 40	3.5		−50, 0, 40	3.3
Left pars opercularis	−56, 10, 10	5.5		−56, 10, 10	4.3	84	−56, 10, 10	3.6	41
	−56, 8, 20	5.1		−56, 8, 20	3.7		−60, 6, 28	4.3
Right cerebellum	34, −68, −30	5.2	139	32, −60, −30	3.9	7	32, −58, −34	4.3	73

Note: Anatomical location (in MNI co-ordinates) and Z score (Z) for (a) reading irregular > regular words (i.e., activation for English words with irregular spellings relative to English words with regular spellings; (b) pseudowords reading (i.e., activation for pseudowords relative to first language words; and (c) Processing load (i.e., activation for pseudowords and irregularly spelled English words relative to regularly spelled English words); and (d) second > first language (i.e., Italian > English in English subjects and English > Italian in Italian subjects). V⁰⁰¹ = Number of voxels at P < 0.001 uncorrected. V⁰⁵ = Number of voxels at P < 0.05 uncorrected. Z scores greater than 3.0 are significant at P < 0.001; Z scores greater than 1.64 are significant at P < 0.05. Z scores and voxel counts in bold are those that were significant after correction for multiple comparisons across the whole brain for height (Z > 4.8) or extent (>90 voxels at P < 0.001). P > 0.05 uncorr = not significant even when threshold is lowered to P < 0.05 uncorrected.