(a) Kinetics of biofilm formation of the V. alginolyticus ZJ-51, wild type (Op: closed circle; Tr: closed triangle), rpoX null mutant (Op: closed diamond; Tr: closed square), and complemented strains (Op: open circle; Tr: open triangle). Bacteria were grown in BF medium in a 24-well polystyrene plate that was incubated statically at 30°C for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours. Cells were processed as mentioned in Materials and Methods section. Biofilms were quantified by measuring the OD at 540 nm. (b) Observation of biofilm structures by SEM S-3400N: (I) ZJ-O, 7.5 k×, (II) ZJ-T, 7.5 k×, (III) ΔrpoX-O, 7.5 k×, (IV) ΔrpoX-T, 9.0 k×.