Reactions and phylogeny of phenolic O-methyltransferases. A, the biochemical reactions catalyzed by COMT, IEMT, and the desired monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase (MOMT) (in box); note the structural similarity of monolignol coniferyl alcohol and phenylpropene (iso)eugenols. B, phylogenetic tree of phenolic O-methyltransferases, showing the evolutionary relationship with COMT; PtCOMT1 (P. trichocarpa, accession No EU889124), PtCOMT2 (EU889125), Aspen COMT (P. tremuloides, Q00763), MsCOMT (M. sativa, P28002), CbIEMT (C. breweri, O04385), VanOMT2 (Vanilla planifolia, ABD61227), VanOMT3 (ABD61228), SbOMT3 (S. bicolor, No ABP01564), ObCVOMT1 (O. basilicum, AAL30423), and CrSMT (Catharanthus roseus, DQ084384). C, schematic strategy for engineering the desired monolignol 4-OMT.