Fig. 5.

The effect of anti-TGF-β on vaccine efficacy is not due solely to blocking TGF-β resulting from NKT cell-mediated immunosuppression. TC1 cells (2 × 10⁴) were injected s.c. in the right flank of C57BL/6 or CD1d KO mice. Four days after tumor challenge, some mice were immunized with the peptide vaccine as described in Fig 1. Some immunized mice were also treated i.p. with 1D11 (100 μg) every other day from the time of immunization for two weeks. A. Tumor size was followed for 28 days. Each data point was shown as mean ± SD. All groups had 5 mice each. p<0.03 by Mann-Whitney test between vaccine group and vaccine + anti-TGF-β group on day 26. B. Tumor infiltrating CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ cells were examined in tumors from wild-type mice 16 days after tumor challenge. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes prepared as in Fig 3B were stained with antibodies against CD11b and Gr-1. These experiments were repeated at least twice with comparable results.