FIGURE 2.

Anti-inflammatory response by epithelial cells in response to apoptotic targets. Serum-starved BU.MPT cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 μg/ml) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 20 ng/ml) for 16 h in the absence or continuous presence of apoptotic targets at a target/responder cell ratio of 1:1. In all cases, non-adherent cells were removed by washing, and epithelial cell lysates were probed for cell-associated IL-1β, as shown. Equal loading was confirmed by Ponceau S staining of blotted proteins as well as by probing for total Akt (supplemental Fig. 2).