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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Jan 2;166(3):302–310. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07101682

TABLE 2.

Heightened Anticipatory Activation in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Prediction of Treatment Responsea

Talairach Coordinates
Predictive Effect x y z Size (mm3) Statistic
ANOVA group main effectb
  Right dorsal amygdala 26 −4 −8 213 F=11.46
  Left dorsal amygdala −28 −6 −12 118 F=11.25
ANOVA group by period effectc
  Right dorsal amygdala 22 −5 −11 659 F=12.73
  Left dorsal amygdala −17 −8 −11 210 F=11.16
ANOVA valence main effectd
  Right dorsal amygdala 14 −6 −10 558 F=12.34
  Left dorsal amygdala −14 −2 −14 328 F=11.75
  Left dorsal amygdala −22 −9 −14 166 F=19.23
Response per posttreatment measuree
  HAM-A −1 32 19 367 r=−0.82
  Penn State Worry Questionaire −3 32 20 207 r=−0.84
a

All listed clusters significant at p<0.05 (corrected). F and r values are for entire cluster.

b

Amygdala regions circled in Figure 1 that showed a group main effect for a voxelwise group (generalized anxiety disorder, comparison subjects) by valence (aversive, neutral) ANOVA on the anticipation period only (N=26). Patients with generalized anxiety disorder showed greater bilateral amygdala activation than healthy comparison subjects in anticipation of both aversive and neutral pictures.

c

Amygdala regions depicted in blue in Figure 1 that showed a group by period interaction effect for a voxelwise group (generalized anxiety disorder, comparison subjects) by valence (aversive, neutral) by period (anticipation, picture) ANOVA (N=26).

d

Amygdala regions depicted in green in Figure 1 (see also data supplement Figure S3) that showed a valence main effect for a voxelwise group (generalized anxiety disorder, comparison subjects) by valence (aversive, neutral) by period (anticipation, picture) ANOVA (N=26). These dorsal amygdala regions showed greater activation for aversive than neutral trials across anticipation and picture periods.

e

Anterior cingulate cortex regions depicted in Figure 2 where greater anticipatory activation preceding aversive and neutral pictures predicted treatment response after statistically controlling for the HAM-D (N=13).