TABLE 3.

Details of the Movement-Based Creative Expression Studies Reviewed

Author(s)	Year of Study	Study Design	No. of Participants	Study Population	Variable(s) Measured	Findings
Greenspan et al.77	2007	Randomized controlled trial (tai chi or wellness intervention)	269	Elderly adults	Health status	Improvements in physical symptoms and ambulation from tai chi
Noice et al.78	2004	Randomized controlled trial (theater arts, visual arts, control)	124	Elderly adults	Cognitive functioning psychological variables, quality of life	Improvements in cognitive and psychological measures from theater training
Sandel et al.79	2005	Randomized controlled trial (12-week intervention)	35	Breast cancer patients	Quality of life, shoulder function, body image	Improvements in quality of life, shoulder range of motion, and body image
Picard80	2000	In-depth interviews and creative movement	17	Midlife women	Self-awareness	Expanding consciousness at midlife, with patterns of meaning identified in relationships with others, the self, and spirit as well as challenges of loss, illness, and threats to relationships