TABLE 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Relationship Between Independent Variables and Reported Levels of Happiness: 2003 Detroit Arab American Survey

	Model A		Model B		Model C		Model D
Independent Variable	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Personal or familial abuse	0.70 (0.48, 0.94)	0.50** (0.35, 0.72)
Arab Americans not respected in US society			0.90 (0.75, 1.08)	0.76* (0.61, 0.96)
September 11 has shaken personal sense of security and safety					0.84** (0.74, 0.95)	0.89 (0.78, 1.01)
Personal bad experience related to ethnicity							0.66* (0.47, 0.94)	0.55*** (0.40, 0.74)
Educational level	1.65*** (1.31, 2.07)	1.42** (1.13, 1.78)	1.65*** (1.31, 2.07)	1.47* (1.07, 2.03)	1.65*** (1.31, 2.07)	1.32* (1.04, 1.66)	1.65*** (1.31, 2.07)	1.44** (1.14, 1.82)
Health insurance coverage	2.74*** (1.61, 4.65)	1.96** (1.29, 2.99)	2.74*** (1.61, 4.65)	2.05** (1.23, 3.39)	2.74*** (1.61, 4.65)	2.02** (1.26, 3.22)	2.74*** (1.61, 4.65)	1.89** (1.22, 2.92)
Household income	1.75*** (1.43, 2.14)	1.40** (1.14, 1.72)	1.75*** (1.43, 2.14)	1.31* (1.01, 1.70)	1.75*** (1.43, 2.14)	1.37** (1.13, 1.65)	1.75*** (1.43, 2.14)	1.36** (1.12, 1.65)
Length of residence in United States	2.60*** (1.78, 3.81)	1.71* (1.13, 2.57)	2.60*** (1.78, 3.81)	1.87* (1.08, 3.24)	2.60*** (1.78, 3.81)	1.72* (1.15, 2.57)	2.60*** (1.78, 3.81)	1.68* (1.12, 2.52)
Muslim religious affiliation	0.63** (0.48, 0.85)	0.80 (0.60, 1.08)	0.63** (0.48, 0.85)	0.96 (0.71, 1.31)	0.63** (0.48, 0.85)	0.81 (0.61, 1.09)	0.63** (0.48, 0.85)	0.79 (0.60, 1.04)

Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models adjusting for marital status, gender, and income did not meet statistical significance.

*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.