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Schematic of the inhibitory effects of Nef on follicular B cells. Nef delivered to B cells from infected macrophages in germinal center (GC) inhibits CD40-mediated class switching to immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG2. In contrast, B cells in extrafollicular areas of low Nef expression undergo polyclonal activation in response to increased levels of ferritin and the B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family.
