Table 3.

Path Coefficients of the Structural Equation Model Using 2000 NES Data

	Outcome variable
	Opposition to preferential hiring of Blacks			Opposition to compensatory affirmative action			Opposition to welfare			Opposition to food stamps			Opposition to aid to the poor			Opposition to social security
Predictor	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β
Symbolic racism	0.59***	0.09	.53	0.66***	0.15	.34	0.38**	0.12	.25	0.28*	0.12	.19	−0.12	0.11	−.08	−0.35***	0.10	−.27
Party identification	−0.02	0.08	−.02	−0.09	0.14	−.06	−0.14	0.11	−.12	0.09	0.10	.08	−0.14	0.10	−.13	−0.02	0.09	−.02
Liberal- conservatism	0.04	0.12	.04	−0.08	0.21	.04	0.21	0.17	.13	0.02	0.16	.01	0.20	0.17	.12	0.09	0.14	.06
Government size	0.07	0.05	.11	0.25**	0.09	.22	0.20**	0.08	.22	0.11	0.07	.12	0.20**	0.08	.23	0.20**	0.06	.26
Anti-egalitarian values	−0.13	0.09	−.12	0.14	0.18	.07	0.07	0.14	.05	0.14	0.13	.10	0.51***	0.15	.33	0.34**	0.13	.26
Age	0.001	0.001	.04	0.002*	0.001	.08	−0.001	0.001	−.07	0.000	0.01	−.02	−0.002*	0.001	−.09	0.000	0.001	−.03
Gender (male)	−0.02	0.02	−.05	0.04	0.03	.04	−0.05	0.03	−.07	−0.05*	0.03	−.08	0.004	0.03	.01	0.07**	0.02	.11
Education	0.03***	0.01	.15	0.03*	0.01	.11	0.02	0.10	.08	0.01	0.01	.05	0.03**	0.01	.12	0.01	0.01	.06
Income	0.002	0.003	.03	−0.01**	0.004	−.11	0.001	0.003	.01	0.001	0.003	.01	−0.004	0.003	−.04	−0.002	0.003	−.03
R 2	.24			.21			.17			.15			.22			.21

Note: N = 708. Attitude variables were scored such that higher scores entail higher racism, greater opposition to equality and large government, more conservative ideology, and stronger identification with the Republican Party. Standard errors are robust estimates provided by EQS version 5.7b. Standard errors are the robust estimates provided by EQS version 5.7b.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.