Figure 3.

Effect of hydrodynamic parameters on gene delivery efficiency. (a) Effect of injection pressure, (b) effect of injection volume, and (c) effect of single injection with extended time or multiple injections with short duration. Luciferase activity was determined 5 days after hydrodynamic injection. The values represent mean ± SD (five samples for each of six muscle groups from two hindlimbs). 1 × 20 seconds, a single 20-second injection; 2 × 10 seconds, two 10-second injections with 5-second pause in between; and 5 × 4 seconds, five 4-second injections with 1-second pause in between (P < 0.05 between the peak level and any other level within each group).