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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 12.
Published in final edited form as: Rev Gen Psychol. 2009 Mar 1;13(1):24–33. doi: 10.1037/a0014227

Table 3.

Percent of Respondents Reporting One, Two, or Three Causal Factors

Respondents who reported… Intelligence Math Athleticism Drive to
Succeed
Nurturance Violence Sexual
Orientation
W B W B W B W B W B W B W B
Genes only 22 1 5 18 12 6 6 1 2 2 4 2 3 20 9
Environment only 3 6 3 5 2 5 3 4 10 10 4 7 4 3
Choice only 3 12 6 18 2 11 4 12 3 12 2 7 19 33
Genes and environment only 23 11 14 8 10 5 4 3 8 4 11 7 5 3
Genes and choice only 8 13 10 11 8 11 4 4 3 6 2 5 8 9
Environment and choice only 8 1 3 14 2 2 15 26 44 45 38 39 30 35 28 29
Genes, environment, and choice 33 30 35 24 57 36 40 30 36 25 49 36 16 14
Total percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Note. Respondents categorized as genetic, environmental or choice if they reported that at least “some” of the characteristic was due that causal factor; W=White respondents B=Black respondents; bold, italicized percentages indicate modal response.