FIGURES 2A, B, AND C TEXT READING AS MEDIATOR MODEL
Notes. Solid lines represent significant paths; dashed lines nonsignificant paths. TOWRE = Test of Word-Reading Efficiency (SWE: Sight-Word Efficiency subtest, PDE: Phonemic-Decoding Efficiency subtest); CTOPP–Rapid Object Naming = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Rapid Object Naming subtest; WIAT = Wechsler Individual Achievement Test; GORT–3 = Gray Oral Reading Test–Third Edition; Figure 2a: first grade; 2b: second grade; 2c: third grade.