Table 1.
Mean (± SD) demographic, immunological and clinical parameters for both the clinical groups
| Health (n = 20) | Periodontitis (n = 20) | |
|---|---|---|
| age (years)‡§ | 38 ± 13 | 55 ± 12 |
| % males‖ | 40 | 35 |
| % smokers‖ | 50 | 40 |
| cigarettes per day¶ | 7.5 ± 8.3 | 12.1 ± 21.1 |
| pocket depth (mm)‡§ | 1.82 ± 0.24 | 3.66 ± 0.86 |
| recession (mm)‡§ | 0.11 ± 0.11 | 1.38 ± 0.71 |
| % sites with: | ||
| plaque‡¶ | 22 ± 18 | 75 ± 23 |
| bleeding on probing‡§ | 10 ± 8 | 66 ± 16 |
| gingival redness‡§ | 3 ± 5 | 49 ± 32 |
| suppuration*¶ | 0 ± 0 | 3 ± 4 |
| GCF volume (ul)‡§ | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.49 ± 0.21 |
| IL-1β (pg/site)‡§ | 7.4 ± 4.8 | 29.9 ± 14.6 |
| IL-8 (pg/site)‡§ | 45.6 ± 35.0 | 98.8 ± 42.4 |
| MMP-8 (ng/site)†§ | 14.1 ± 15.1 | 34.7 ± 30.0 |
*
p<0.05,
†
p<0.01 and
‡
p<0.001
§
unpaired t-test
‖
Fisher's exact test
¶
Mann-Whitney test