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Acceleration of S. oneidensis iron oxide reduction by electron shuttles versus that by a strong chelator. MR-1 cells were inoculated into SBM containing lactate, iron oxide, and 12 μM AQDS (▴), 12 μM riboflavin (•), 12 μM sodium citrate (○), 12 mM sodium citrate (▪), or no addition (□) and incubated anaerobically. Fe(II) formation was monitored over time using a standard ferrozine assay. Error bars indicate standard errors from three replicates.
