Table 3.
Summary of Enzymatic PTMs biomarkers in breast cancer research.
| PTM | Targets | Methods | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphorylation | Nuclear receptor | Mutagenesis | 135 |
| Phosphorylation | Estrogen receptor (ER) | Mutagenesis | 136 |
| Acetylation | H4K16, histone acetyltransferase human MOF (hMOF) | mRNA profile | 137–140 |
| Acetylation | ER-α | Mutagenesis | 27 |
| Deacetylation | Histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 histone H4 | Small interfering RNA | 131 |
| Glycosylation | N-linked glycomics, serum proteins | MADLI MS | 141 |
| Glycosylation | Serum glycan | MALDI mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic profile | 112 |
| Glycosylation | O-glycosylation TGF beta 1 | Using 2-De and MALDI-TOF-MS | 142 |
| Glycosylation | Free glycan species from serum | MALDI-FT-ICR MS | 111 |
| Glycosylation | Glycoproteins from the sera | Multilectin affinity chromatography (MLAC) | 105 |