Figure 1.

Scheme of the Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway.

Enzymes are represented in uppercase boldface letters. Mutants are shown in lowercase italic letters, with regulatory mutants listed in parentheses. Dashed lines represent hypothetical steps. ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; CE, condensing enzyme; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; DFR, dihydroflavonol reductase; F3H, flavonol 3-hydroxylase; F3′H, flavonol 3′-hydroxylase; FLS, flavonol synthase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; LDOX, leucocyanidin dioxygenase; POD, peroxidase; PPO, polyphenol oxidase. Adapted from Nesi et al. (2001), Bartel and Matsuda (2003), and Xie et al. (2003).