Table 2.
Neurocognitive profile of PD patients and normal controls
| Test | Patients# | Controls | p§ | Cognitive function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive functions | ||||
| Stroop effect (III-II) | 11.4 ± 5.0 | 10.1 ± 3.4 | 0.27 | Set maintenance, response inhibition, interference |
| Stroop errors | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.09 | Response inhibition |
| Verbal fluency | 27 ± 8.6 | 28.3 ± 9.2 | 0.59 | Set maintenance, response inhibition, verbal concept production |
| Figural fluency | 26 ± 9.8 | 30.6 ± 5.9 | 0.35 | Set maintenance, response inhibition, figural concept production |
| Rey complex figure copy | 17.6 ± 1.0 | 17.6 ± 1.2 | 1.00 | Visuo-constructive (planning) |
| Rey complex figure recall | 8.1 ± 4.3 | 11.3 ± 3.4 | 0.1 | Visuo-constructive (planning), figural memory (active) |
| *Verbal memory | ||||
| Verbal learning (mean sum trial I-III) | 19.3 ± 3.7 | 24.1 ± 2.6 | 0.002 | Encoding |
| Immediate memory span (first trial) | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 0.1 | Working memory |
| Delayed verbal free recall | 4.6 ± 2.9 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 0.008 | Episodic memory (active) |
| Verbal recognition | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 0.08 | Episodic memory (passive) |
| +Spatial memory | ||||
| Figural learning (mean total) | 16.8 ± 5.0 | 20.1 ± 4.9 | 0.13 | Encoding |
| Immediate memory span (first trial) | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 0.09 | Visuo-spatial working memory |
| Delayed figural free recall | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 2.0 | 0.18 | Episodic memory (active) |
| Figure recognition | 7.1 ± 2.9 | 9.0 ± 1.0 | 0.13 | Episodic memory (passive) |
#Scores are indicated as mean ± SD. §, Mann-Whitney-U, two-tailed. * RAVLT, modified Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, +RVDLT, modified Rey Visual Design Learning Test