Table 2.
Measures From 4-Year and 6-Year Assessments, With Reliabilitiesa
Domain | Four-year measure | Six-year measure |
---|---|---|
Nonverbal ability | Composite of Block Building, Puzzle Solving, Tapping Sequence, and Draw a Design from McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA; McCarthy, 1972); [ri = .89] | Block Design from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI; Wechsler, 1999); ri = .85 |
Vocabulary | MCSA Word Knowledge; [ri = .89] | WASI Vocabulary; ri = .87 |
Sentence comprehension | Verbal Comprehension subtest, British Ability Scales (Elliott et al., 1996); ra = .77 | Sentence Structure subtest of the CELF-R; ri = .52 |
Verbal memory | MCSA Verbal Memory for Words and Sentences; [ri = .74] | Recalling Sentences from CELF–R (Semel et al., 1987); ri = .91 |
Phonological awareness | Experimental test from Bird, Bishop, and Freeman (1995), 12-item version; ra = .76 | Experimental test from Bird, Bishop, and Freeman (1995), 18-item version; ra = .91 |
Oromotor skills | Goldman-Fristoe Sounds in Words (Goldman & Fristoe, 1986); ra = .96 | |
Nonword repetition | Children’s Test of Nonword Repetition (Gathercole, Willis, Baddeley, & Emslie, 1994) (20-item version); ra = .88 | Children’s Test of Nonword Repetition (Gathercole et al., 1994) (full 40-item version); ra = .88 |
ra = coefficient alpha from Twins Early Development Study sample; ri = internal consistency from test manual; square brackets denote best estimate from similar composite in test manual.