Table 4.
Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure
| PRO Measure | Predictor | Unadjusted Effect β̂ (95% CI) | Adjusted Effect β̂ (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| EuroQol VAS | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 1.78 (0.99 to 2.57) | 2.86 (1.98 to 3.74) |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 2.15 (1.36 to 2.94) | 2.78 (1.92 to 3.64) | |
| NYHA class II to III | −8.67 (−10.26 to −7.07) | −8.26 (−9.93 to −6.59) | |
| KCCQ overall score | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 4.38 (3.55 to 5.21) | 4.75 (3.78 to 5.72) |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 5.57 (4.76 to 6.39) | 5.92 (4.98 to 6.87) | |
| NYHA class II to III | −14.67 (−16.31 to −13.04) | −12.73 (−14.53 to −10.92) | |
| KCCQ clinical summary | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 5.52 (4.75 to 6.29) | 5.41 (4.56 to 6.26) |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 6.29 (5.53 to 7.05) | 6.37 (5.51 to 7.22) | |
| KCCQ subscales | |||
| Physical limitation | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 6.77 (5.91 to 7.63) | 6.44 (5.47 to 7.42)† |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 7.59 (6.74 to 8.44) | 7.45 (6.48 to 8.43) | |
| Total symptom | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 4.32 (3.48 to 5.16) | 4.39 (3.47 to 5.30) |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 5.07 (4.24 to 5.89) | 5.19 (4.26 to 6.13) | |
| Social limitation | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 4.18 (3.06 to 5.31) | 5.27 (2.69 to 7.86)‡ |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 5.76 (4.65 to 6.88) | 6.21 (4.92 to 7.50) | |
| Self–efficacy | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 0.99 (0.16 to 1.82) | 0.62 (−0.22 to 1.47) |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 0.95 (0.12 to 1.78) | 0.56 (−0.29 to 1.42) | |
| Quality–of–life | Peak VO2, 1 SD | 2.50 (1.49 to 3.51) | 5.11 (2.71 to 7.51)‡ |
| Six-minute walk, 1 SD | 4.10 (3.10 to 5.11) | 5.01 (3.85 to 6.16) |
Abbreviations: PRO, patient-reported outcome; CI, confidence interval; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; peak VO2, peak oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.
*
Adjusted for all significant patient characteristics listed in Table 1.
†
Significant interactions included peak VO2 with age and peak VO2 with ethnicity.
‡
Significant interactions included peak VO2 with age, peak VO2 with employment status, and peak VO2 with marital status.