Table 1.

Geographic origin and taxonomic placement of taxa examined

Species*	Geographic origin	Tribe/section or subsection†	Marker‡
Hesperomannia lydgatei Forbes	U.S.: Hawaii	Mutisieae	ndhF, ITS
H. arborescens Gray	U.S.: Hawaii	Mutisieae	ndhF, ITS
Gutenbergia polytrichotoma Sch. Bip.	Kenya	Vernonieae	ndhF, ITS
Lychnophora tomentosa Mart.	Brazil	Vernonieae	ndhF, ITS
Piptocarpha axillaris R. Br.	Brazil	Vernonieae	ndhF, ITS
Stokesia laevis L’Herit.	SE United States	Vernonieae	ndhF, ITS
Vernonia adoensis Sch. Bip. Ex Walp.	Zambia	Vernonieae/Stengelia	ndhF
V. alamanii DC.	Mexico	Vernonieae/Noveboracensis	ndhF, ITS
V. amygdalina Delile	Ethiopia	Vernonieae/Strobocalyx	ndhF, ITS
V. arborescens (L.) Swartz	Costa Rica	Vernonieae/Scorpioides	ndhF, ITS
V. chinensis (Lam.) Less.	China	Vernonieae/Tephrodes	ndhF, ITS
V. divergens Edgew.	India	Vernonieae/Tephrodes	ITS
V. fastigiata Oliv. & Hiern.	South Africa	Vernonieae/Centrapalus	ndhF
V. galamensis (Cass.) Less	Zimbabwe	Vernonieae/Centrapalus	ndhF
V. glabra Vatke	Zimbabwe	Vernonieae/Azurae	ndhF, ITS
V. jonesii B. L. Turner	Mexico	Vernonieae/Lepidonia	ndhF, ITS
V. lasiopus O. Hoffm.	Sudan	Vernonieae/Stengelia	ndhF
V. mespilifolia Less.	South Africa	Vernonieae/Strobocalyx	ndhF, ITS
V. noveboracensis (L.) Willd.	U.S.: Connecticut	Vernonieae/Noveboracensis	ndhF
V. patens H.B.K.	Guatemala	Vernonieae/Polyanthes	ndhF, ITS
V. populifolia (Lam.) Spreng.	Mauritius Islands	Vernonieae/Distephanus	ndhF, ITS
V. poskeana Vatke Hild.	Kenya	Vernonieae/Ococephalae	ndhF, ITS
V. saligna DC.	India	Vernonieae/Tephrodes	ITS
Liabum glabrum Adan.	Mexico	Liabeae	ndhF
Munnozia gigantea Ruiz & Pav.	Peru	Liabeae	ndhF, ITS
Sinclairia pringlei Hook. & Arn.	Mexico	Liabeae	ndhF

^*See Keeley and Jansen (61) and Jansen and Kim (23) for all voucher information. 

^†Tribal classification follows Bremer (12); sectional classification of Vernonia follows Jones (40, 41). 

^‡Sequences reported in the paper have been deposited in the Genbank data base (accession nos. AF092584–AF092607 for ndhF and AF092608–AF092637 for ITS) and the aligned data matrices have been deposited in TreeBASE (http://herbaria.harvard.edu/treebase/).