Table 1.
| Local risk factors for PVT (70%) |
| Cancer |
| Any abdominal organ |
| Focal inflammatory lesions |
| Neonatal omphalitis, ombilical vein catheterization |
| Diverticulitis, appendicitis |
| Pancreatitis |
| Duodenal ulcer |
| Cholecystitis |
| Tuberculous lymphadenitis |
| Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis |
| Cytomegalovirus hepatitis |
| Injury to the portal venous system |
| Splenectomy |
| Colectomy, gastrectomy |
| Cholecystectomy |
| Liver transplantation |
| Abdominal trauma |
| Surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS |
| Iatrogenic (fine needle aspiration of abdominal masses etc.) |
| Cirrhosis |
| Preserved liver function with precipitating factors (splenectomy, surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS dysfunction, thrombophilia) |
| Advanced disease in the absence of obvious precipitating factors |
PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.