Table 3.
Frequency of control group and young age GC, age-adjusted OR estimates and 95% CI by demographic and clinical characteristics, Korea, 1990 to 2008 n (%)
| Risk factors |
GCs |
Controls |
Age-adjusted OR |
95% CI |
P-value |
|||||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| High-risk diet1 | ||||||||||
| Whole | 694 (39.7) | 440 (29.4) | 341 (20.7) | 265 (19.6) | 2.53 | 1.71 | 2.17-2.95 | 1.34-2.03 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 54 (37.5) | 40 (27.8) | 31 (20.7) | 25 (16.7) | 2.30 | 1.50 | 1.37-3.87 | 0.87-2.57 | 0.002 | 0.034 |
| Group B | 311 (39.0) | 239 (30.4) | 153 (20.4) | 151 (20.1) | 2.49 | 1.73 | 1.99-3.13 | 1.37-1.29 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group C | 329 (40.9) | 161 (33.4) | 157 (22.0) | 89 (22.3) | 2.61 | 1.75 | 2.08-3.27 | 1.307-2.37 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Heavy smoking2 | ||||||||||
| Whole | 528 (30.2) | 241 (16.1) | 264 (16.0) | 137 (10.1) | 2.27 | 1.70 | 1.93-2.69 | 1.36-2.13 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 51 (35.4) | 34 (15.0) | 30 (20.0) | 19 (9.5) | 2.19 | 1.68 | 1.30-3.72 | 0.92-3.05 | 0.003 | 0.031 |
| Group B | 244 (30.6) | 143 (18.2) | 119 (15.9) | 83 (11.1) | 2.34 | 1.79 | 1.82-2.99 | 1.34-2.39 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group C | 233 (28.9) | 64 (13.2) | 115 (15.3) | 35 (8.75) | 2.25 | 1.60 | 1.75-2.89 | 1.03-2.47 | < 0.001 | 0.035 |
| Heavy alcohol drinking3 | ||||||||||
| Whole | 608 (34.8) | 168 (11.2) | 301 (18.2) | 91 (6.7) | 2.39 | 1.52 | 2.04-2.81 | 1.34-2.29 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 54 (37.5) | 26 (11.5) | 28 (18.7) | 12 (6.0) | 2.61 | 2.02 | 1.54-4.45 | 0.99-4.13 | < 0.001 | 0.052 |
| Group B | 293 (36.7) | 81 (10.3) | 142 (18.9) | 47 (6.3) | 2.48 | 1.72 | 1.97-3.14 | 1.18-2.50 | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Group C | 261 (32.4) | 61 (12.7) | 131 (17.5) | 32 (8.0) | 2.14 | 1.73 | 1.68-2.72 | 1.60-2.54 | < 0.001 | 0.019 |
| Low socioeconomic condition4 | ||||||||||
| Whole | 414 (23.7) | 323 (21.6) | 279 (16.9) | 206 (15.3) | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.29-1.81 | 1.26-1.86 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 28 (19.4) | 44 (19.3) | 21 (14) | 27 (13.5) | 1.42 | 1.54 | 0.76-2.64 | 0.99-3.03 | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Group B | 191 (23.9) | 168 (21.4) | 135 (18.0) | 122 (16.3) | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.12-1.84 | 1.082-1.81 | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Group C | 195 (24.2) | 111 (23.0) | 123 (16.4) | 57 (14.2) | 1.63 | 1.80 | 1.27-2.10 | 1.27-2.56 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Urban residence | ||||||||||
| Whole | 947 (54.2) | 805 (53.8) | 711 (43.1) | 574 (42.5) | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.37-1.79 | 1.36-1.83 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 84 (58.3) | 132 (58.1) | 67 (44.7) | 99 (49.5) | 1.48 | 1.42 | 0.93-1.23 | 0.973-2.08 | 0.002 | 0.073 |
| Group B | 454 (56.9) | 434 (55.2) | 331 (44.1) | 322 (42.9) | 1.67 | 1.64 | 1.37-2.04 | 1.34-2.00 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group C | 409 (50.8) | 239 (49.6) | 313 (38.9) | 153 (38.2) | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.18-1.76 | 1.21-2.08 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Occupational environment | ||||||||||
| Whole | 588 (33.6) | 331 (22.1) | 315 (19.1) | 181 (13.4) | 2.15 | 1.84 | 1.84-2.52 | 1.51-2.24 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 44 (30.6) | 47 (20.7) | 24 (16.0) | 29 (14.5) | 2.31 | 1.54 | 1.32-4.05 | 0.93-2.56 | 0.004 | 0.094 |
| Group B | 263 (33.0) | 181 (23.0) | 140 (18.7) | 98 (13.1) | 2.14 | 1.99 | 1.69-2.71 | 1.52-2.61 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group C | 281 (34.9) | 103 (21.4) | 151 (20.1) | 54 (13.5) | 2.13 | 1.74 | 1.69-2.68 | 1.22-2.50 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Family history of GC5 | ||||||||||
| Whole | 150 (8.6) | 102 (6.8) | 36 (2.2) | 28 (2.1) | 4.21 | 3.46 | 2.91-6.10 | 2.26-5.29 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 11 (7.6) | 14 (6.2) | 3 (2.0) | 4 (2.0) | 4.05 | 3.22 | 1.10-14.84 | 1.04-9.95 | 0.035 | 0.042 |
| Group B | 68 (8.5) | 53 (6.7) | 17 (2.3) | 15 (2.4) | 4.01 | 3.54 | 2.34-6.90 | 1.98-6.34 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group C | 71 (8.8) | 35 (7.2) | 16 (2.1) | 9 (2.3) | 4.17 | 3.40 | 2.43-7.15 | 1.62-7.17 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| H. pylori (+) & combined IM | ||||||||||
| Whole | 367 (21.0) | 231 (15.5) | 144 (8.7) | 156 (11.6) | 2.78 | 1.40 | 2.26-3.42 | 1.13-1.74 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 11 (7.6) | 13 (5.7) | 5 (3.3) | 11 (5.5) | 2.40 | 1.04 | 0.71-7.08 | 0.46-2.39 | 0.051 | 0.192 |
| Group B | 155 (19.4) | 121 (15.4) | 65 (4.3) | 89 (11.9) | 2.54 | 1.35 | 1.87-3.46 | 1.00-1.81 | < 0.001 | 0.045 |
| Group C | 201 (25.0) | 97 (20.1) | 74 (9.9) | 56 (14.0) | 3.04 | 1.55 | 2.28-4.06 | 1.08-2.22 | < 0.001 | 0.017 |
| BMI > 35 | ||||||||||
| Whole | 374 (21.4) | 270 (18.1) | 201 (12.4) | 159 (11.8) | 1.94 | 1.65 | 1.63-2.37 | 1.34-2.04 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group A | 30 (20.8) | 35 (15.4) | 18 (12.0) | 19 (9.5) | 1.93 | 1.74 | 1.09-2.35 | 0.96-3.15 | 0.043 | 0.066 |
| Group B | 176 (22.1) | 139 (17.7) | 95 (12.7) | 89 (11.9) | 1.95 | 1.60 | 1.49-2.56 | 1.20-2.12 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Group C | 168 (20.9) | 96 (19.9) | 92 (12.3) | 51 (12.8) | 1.89 | 1.70 | 1.43-2.49 | 1.78-2.46 | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
High-risk diet is defined as more frequent intake of beef and canned, smoked, and salted food and less frequent intake of fresh fruit/vegetables;
Heavy smoking is defined as more than 20 pack-years;
Heavy alcohol intake is defined as more than 60 g/d;
Socioeconomic conditions were evaluated by household income, stratified into 3 groups based on income epidemiology in Korea. This condition comes under the lowest income group;
Family history was defined as first-degree relative with GC. The 3000 normal controls included 1650 males and 1350 females. Group A, 18-30 years of age, n = 350; Group B, 31-40 years of age, n = 1500; Group C, 41-45 years of age, n = 1150; Whole, 18-45 years of age, n = 3000. The 3242 young age GC included 1747 males and 1495 females. Group A, 18-30 years of age, n = 371; group B, 31-40 years of age, n = 1584; group C, 41-45 years of age, n = 1287; whole, 18-45 years of age, n = 3242. GC: Gastric carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.