Characterization of chloroplastic ACCase activity. The ACCase activity was assayed by using a total chloroplast extract from the Arabidopsis PIIV1 mutant in the presence, or absence, of 0.5 mM acetyl-CoA. Avidin (0.2 units), a general ACCase inhibitor, and fenoxaprop (100 mM), a specific inhibitor of the cytosolic ACCase, were tested to validate the measured chloroplastic ACCase activity. The data represent the average value (±SE) from 23 (+/−acetyl-CoA), 5 (avidin), and 4 (fenoxaprop) experiments carried out on different chloroplast preparations.