Fig. 5.

Reduced gap junction conductance with carbenoxolone reversibly abolished both interictal events and underlying VFO/pHFO. (A) Long time-course trace illustrates the action of the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone (200 μM; application denoted by gray bar), on spontaneous sharp wave and VFO behavior. The plots below denote the instantaneous peak amplitude value (for 200 ms sliding-windowed spectra) for low-frequency envelope of the interictal event (<20 Hz, LF) and the VFO itself (>80 Hz, VFO). (Scale bar, 100 μV.) (B) Wash-out of carbenoxolone rapidly restored both the spontaneous incidence of VFO and the low-frequency spike (wave) to near-control levels.