TABLE 2.
Prevalence and crude and adjusted odds ratios for the association between food security and chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants
| Hypertension |
Hyperlipidemia |
Diabetes |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of diagnosis | Self-report, n = 4957 | Clinical,1n = 4627 | Self-report, n = 1930 | Clinical,2n = 4559 | Self-report, n = 5089 | Clinical,3n = 2239 |
| Food secure | ||||||
| Unadjusted prevalence, % | 20.2 | 18.6 | 33.3 | 19.8 | 6.8 | 7.4 |
| Food insecure | ||||||
| Unadjusted prevalence, % | 24.6 | 22.4 | 43.3 | 21.7 | 8.3 | 10.2 |
| CRR (95% CI)4 | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 1.31 (1.10–1.56) | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | 1.21 (0.92–1.59) | 1.51 (1.04–2.19) |
| ARR (95% CI)4 | 1.20 (1.04–1.38) | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | 1.19 (0.89–1.58) | 1.48 (0.94–2.32) |
Clinical hypertension is defined as SBP >140 mm Hg, DBP >90 mm Hg, or taking antihypertensive medication.
Clinical hyperlipidemia is defined as a total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL (6.22 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL (4.14 mmol/L), or taking cholesterol-lowering medication.
Clinical diabetes is defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or taking insulin and/or a hypoglycemic medication.
Relative risk is for food-insecure adults compared with food-secure adults. CRR is adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. ARR is adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and income as both a continuous and an ordinal variable.