Spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) and modulation transfer functions (MTFs) for 2 neurons. A: STRF for one neuron showing on–off response modulation along the temporal, but not spectral, dimension. B: ripple transfer function (RTF) of the STRF, showing temporal and spectral modulation preferences. C: temporal (black) and spectral (red) MTFs (tMTFs, sMTFs) obtained from the RTF by summing across the spectral and temporal dimensions, respectively. The on–off temporal pattern in the STRF leads to a band-pass tMTF. D: STRF for a different neuron showing on–off patterns along the temporal and spectral dimensions. E: RTF of the STRF shown in D. F: MTFs are now band-pass because of the temporal and spectral on–off patterns in the STRF in D.