Fig. 2.
Summary data for protocol 1 from 15 dogs confirm that right sided (Rt)- and left-sided (Lt) microinjections of NAL into pre-BötC fail to reverse the intravenous remi (REMI IV) induced bradypnea, while intravenous NAL (NAL IV) promptly reverses REMI IV effects with overshoot tachypnea. Top left: phrenic (burst) breathing rate; middle left: peak phrenic activity; and bottom left: neural minute ventilation. Right: intravenous remi (REMI IV) induced a modest prolongation of inspiratory duration (TI) and marked prolongation of expiratory duration (TE), but bilateral microinjections of NAL into the pre-BötC failed to have any effect, whereas intravenous NAL (NAL IV) promptly reversed REMI IV effects. All values are normalized to control values, see text for details. ***, P < 0.001 for significant differences between preevents () and postevents (▪).