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Proposed pathway for the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor in E. coli. The structures of precursor Z, MPT, molybdenum cofactor, and the oxidation product of precursor Z, i.e. compound Z, are shown. The incorporation of sulfur atoms into precursor Z is catalyzed by MPT synthase (MoaE/MoaD). Three cysteine desulfurases (CsdA, SufS, and IscS) transfer the sulfur atom from l-cysteine to the C-terminal thiocarboxylate of MoaD in vitro (36, 41).
