Table 1.
Descriptive Information for Studies Included in the Meta-Analysis
| Study | Gene Mutation Status Groups | Length of Elapsed Time | Emotional Distress Construct & Measure | Country of Data Collection | Personal Cancer History of Study Participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andrews et al., 2004 | - Carrier - Inconclusivea |
- Short (1–2 weeks) - Moderate (16 weeks) - Long (52 weeks) |
- Anxiety: STAI - CSD: IES, risk for cancer |
Australia/Europe | - History (Carrier, Inconclusive) - No history (Carrier, Inconclusive) |
| Bish et al., 2002 | - Inconclusive | - Short (1 week) - Moderate (24 weeks) |
- Anxiety: HADS - CSD: CWS |
Australia/Europe | - History (Inconclusive) |
| Claes et al., 2005 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Long (52 weeks) | - Anxiety: STAI - CSD: IES, cancer |
Australia/Europe | - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
| Dudok de Wit et al., 1998 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (1 week) - Moderate (24 weeks) |
- CSD: IES, hereditary cancer | Australia/Europe | — |
| Kinney et al., 2005 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (4 weeks) - Moderate (16 weeks) |
- Anxiety: STAI - CSD: Experimenter scale |
US | — |
| Lodder, Frets, Trijsburg, Meijers-Heijboer, et al., 2001 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (2 weeks) | - Anxiety: HADS - CSD: IES, cancer |
Australia/Europe | - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
| Lodder, Frets, Trijsburg, Tibben, et al., 2001 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (1–3 weeks) | - Anxiety: HADS | Australia/Europe | - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
| Manne et al., 2004b | - Carrier - Noncarrier - Inconclusive |
- Moderate (24 weeks) | - Anxiety: BSI - CSD: IES, hereditary cancer |
US | - No history (Noncarrier) |
| Meiser et al., 2002 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (1–2 weeks) - Moderate (16 weeks) - Long (52 weeks) |
- Anxiety: STAI - CSD: IES, risk for cancer |
Australia/Europe | - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
| O’Neill et al., 2006 | - Inconclusive | - Short (4 weeks) - Moderate (24 weeks) |
- Anxiety: BSI - CSD: IES, risk for cancer |
US | - History (Inconclusive) |
| Ozakinci, 2004 | - Carrier - Noncarrier - Inconclusive |
- Short (1–2 weeks) - Moderate (24 weeks) |
- Anxiety: POMS - CSD: CWS |
US | — |
| Plon et al., 2000 | - Inconclusivea | - Long (52 weeks) | - CSD: Experimenter item | US | - No history (Inconclusive) |
| Reichelt et al., 2004 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Moderate (6 weeks) | - Anxiety: HADS - CSD: IES, cancer |
Australia/Europe | - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
| Schwartz et al., 2002c | - Carrier - Noncarrier - Inconclusive |
- Moderate (24 weeks) | - Anxiety: HSCL-25 - CSD: IES, hereditary cancer |
US | - History (Carrier, Inconclusive) - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
| Smith, 2003 | - Carrier - Inconclusivea |
- Short (1 week) - Moderate (12 weeks) |
- Anxiety: STAI - CSD: IES, risk for cancer |
US | — |
| Tercyak et al., 2001 | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (0 weeks) | - Anxiety: STAI | US | — |
| van Dijk et al., 2006 | - Carrier - Noncarrier - Inconclusive |
- Short (4 weeks) - Long (28 weeks) |
- CSD: IES, cancer | Australia/Europe | - History (Carrier, Inconclusive) - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier, Inconclusive) |
| van Oostrom et al., 2007c | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (1 week) - Moderate (24 weeks) |
- CSD: IES, hereditary cancer | Australia/Europe | |
| van Roosmalen et al., 2004 | - Carrier | - Short (2 weeks) | - Anxiety: STAI - CSD: IES, hereditary cancer |
Australia/Europe | - History (Carrier) - No history (Carrier) |
| Watson et al., 2004c | - Carrier - Noncarrier |
- Short (4 weeks) - Moderate (16 weeks) - Long (52 weeks) |
- Anxiety: GHQ28 - CSD: IES, risk for cancer |
Australia/Europe | - No history (Carrier, Noncarrier) |
Note. Dashes indicate that information was either not included in the original article, or was not provided in a manner that could be coded for the meta-analysis. STAI = State Anxiety subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; CSD = Cancer-specific distress; IES = Impact of Event Scale, measure referent listed in italics; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CWS = Cancer Worry Scale; BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory; POMS = Profile of Mood States; HSCL-25 = Hopkins Symptom Checklist; GHQ28 = General Health Questionnaire.
Although this publication categorizes testers as noncarriers or as receiving negative results, study details indicate that these participants likely received uninformative negative results. Therefore, data for these participants were categorized as “inconclusive” for the present analysis.
Approximately half of the participants in Manne et al., 2004 were also included in Schwartz et al., 2002. To correct for sample overlap, the total number of participants in Manne et al., 2004 was divided by half for the present analysis.
Author(s) provided additional data to enable this study to be included in the meta-analysis.