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. 2010 Jan;129(1):125–132. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03145.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are cytoprotective and induce anti-mycobacterial activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-infected type II alveolar epithelial cells. (a, c) A549 cells were infected with MTB and then stimulated with 0·05, 0·5, or 5 μm LPA (a) or with 0·05, 0·5, or 5 μm S1P (c) for 2 days. The MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate values and are representative of three different experiments. (b, d) A549 cells were infected with MTB and then stimulated with 0·5 μm of either LPA (b) or S1P (d) for 2 days. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts are expressed as means ± SD of the triplicate values and are representative of three separate experiments. *P ≤ 0·001, #P = 0·002, §P = 0·005, ‡P = 0·001, °P = 0·01 in comparison with MTB-infected cells (data were analyzed using the unpaired Student’s t-test).