Figure 2.

Overexpression of LRRK2 G2019S mutation increases the phosphorylation of ERM proteins in the filopodia of developing neurons. A–C, Representative images show pERM (green) staining in primary cultured hippocampal neurons (2 DIV) from littermate nTg (A) and G2019S (B) pups. A fraction of G2019S neurons was treated with Dox (C). Neurons were counterstained with βIII-tubulin antibody (red). Scale bar, 20 μm. D, Bar graph depicts the number of pERM-positive (pERM⁺) filopodia in the distal tips of neurites per neuron (N = 100–120 per genotype). Data represent mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.001. E, Cumulative frequency plot for the numbers of pERM⁺ filopodia in nTg (blue), G2019S (green), and G2019S+Dox (red) neurons.