TABLE 1.
Pain Response Preference Questionnaire: Items, content areas and principal axis analysis pattern matrix (n=487)
| Items (content areas) | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Help me with whatever I am doing (PH)* | 0.80 | −0.21 | 0.23 | 0.05 |
| 7. Offer me help (OH)* | 0.69 | 0.02 | −0.11 | −0.03 |
| 32. Take good care of me (S)* | 0.66 | −0.01 | −0.08 | 0.05 |
| 31. Help me out (PH)* | 0.62 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.03 |
| 12. Ask if I need help (OH)* | 0.62 | 0.02 | −0.08 | −0.01 |
| 14. Treat me with extra care and concern (S)* | 0.60 | 0.12 | 0.01 | −0.10 |
| 4. Finish the job that I started (PH)* | 0.59 | −0.04 | 0.28 | −0.16 |
| 3. Ask me about my pain (ET)* | 0.55 | 0.08 | −0.06 | 0.01 |
| 6. Do nice things to make me feel better (S)* | 0.48 | 0.17 | −0.01 | 0.13 |
| 33. Seem interested in my pain (ET)* | 0.46 | 0.02 | −0.11 | 0.15 |
| 23. Say he or she is concerned (ES)* | 0.44 | 0.21 | −0.12 | 0.06 |
| 29. Be willing to listen to me talk about my pain (ET) | 0.38 | 0.08 | −0.26 | 0.15 |
| 27. Offer to get me something to eat or drink (SH) | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 25. Let me do things alone until I ask for help (OH) | −0.36 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
| 35. Be available if I want help (OH) | 0.36 | 0.03 | −0.20 | 0.21 |
| 22. Offer to get me pain medication (SH) | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.13 | −0.18 |
| 28. Suggest ways to stop me from making my pain worse (PS)* | 0.09 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| 16. Offer suggestions about managing or reducing the pain (PS)* | 0.09 | 0.56 | −0.03 | 0.03 |
| 26. Try to prevent me from getting upset (ES)* | −0.06 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| 24. Tell me to take it easy (DP)* | 0.19 | 0.54 | 0.18 | −0.21 |
| 38. Tell me not to strain myself (DP)* | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.13 | −0.14 |
| 9. Encourage me to rest (DP) | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.06 | −0.17 |
| 34. Suggest fun or interesting activities that will not make my pain much worse (PS)* | −0.05 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 0.28 |
| 19. Try to take my mind off the pain by turning on the TV or music (D)* | −0.05 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.08 |
| 17. Offer to give me a massage (SH)* | 0.07 | 0.35 | −0.17 | 0.16 |
| 8. Distract me from my pain (D)* | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.08 |
| 20. Tell me not to talk about my pain (DT)* | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.76 | 0.03 |
| 15. Change topics when I talk about my pain (DT)* | −0.03 | 0.20 | 0.68 | 0.11 |
| 10. Stop me from talking about my pain (DT)* | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.66 | 0.19 |
| 21. Ignore my pain (I)* | −0.11 | −0.15 | 0.53 | 0.06 |
| 37. Act like I am not in pain (I)* | −0.17 | −0.01 | 0.47 | 0.19 |
| 39. Help me ignore the pain (D) | 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.02 |
| 13. Tell me to keep active (EP)* | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0.18 | 0.65 |
| 11. Try to keep me involved in activities (EP)* | −0.14 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.65 |
| 2. Encourage me to keep going (EP)* | 0.37 | −0.27 | 0.13 | 0.59 |
| 30. Tell me I can do things despite pain (EP)* | −0.13 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.51 |
| 36. Tell me that I can handle the pain well (EP)* | −0.07 | 0.33 | 0.05 | 0.43 |
| 5. Tell me that I can cope with the pain (EP)* | 0.15 | −0.09 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
| 18. Try to help me stay positive (ES)* | 0.12 | 0.29 | −0.25 | 0.35 |
*
Items included in the final measure. Bold print indicates salient loadings (≥0.30). D Distract; DP Discourage task persistence; DT Discourage pain talk; EP Encourage task persistence; ES Emotional support; ET Encourage pain talk; I Ignore; OH Offer help; PH Provide help; PS Problem solve; S Solicitude; SH Specific offer of help