TABLE 5.
Relative hazards (95% CI) of incident metabolic syndrome among interim birth groups
| Models | No. of births by GDM status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 births (referent) (n = 706) |
1 non-GDM birth (n = 276) |
2 + non-GDM births (n = 381) |
1 + GDM births (n = 88) |
|
| Unadjusted | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) | 1.88 (1.21–2.91) |
| Model 1 = adjusted for race and baseline age | 1.0 | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | 1.04 (0.75–1.43) | 1.94 (1.25–3.01) |
| Model 2 = model 1 + baseline education and smoking | 1.0 | 0.92 (0.65–1.30) | 1.11 (0.80–1.53) | 2.15 (1.38–3.34) |
| Model 3 = model 2 + baseline BMI | 1.0 | 1.12 (0.79–1.59) | 1.44 (1.04–2.01) | 2.27 (1.45–3.57) |
| Model 4 = model 3 + baseline waist girth | 1.0 | 1.30 (0.91–1.85) | 1.58 (1.13–2.21) | 2.53 (1.60–4.00) |
| Model 5 = model 4 + all other baseline MetS components | 1.0 | 1.33 (0.93–1.90) | 1.62 (1.16–2.26) | 2.42 (1.52–3.83) |
| Model 6 (fully adjusted) = model 5 + baseline physical activity | 1.0 | 1.33 (0.93–1.91) | 1.62 (1.16–2.26) | 2.43 (1.53–3.86) |
| Model 6 + time-dependent physical activity (mediator) | 1.0 | 1.25 (0.87–1.79) | 1.41 (1.01–1.97) | 2.05 (1.29–3.27) |
| Model 6 + time-dependent weight gain (mediator) | 1.0 | 1.09 (0.76–1.58) | 1.35 (0.95–1.90) | 1.77 (1.10–2.84) |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; MetS, metabolic syndrome; n, number of women within each group at end of follow-up.