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Gene expression of galanin (GAL) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and orexin (ORX) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH) of GALKO and WT mice, as measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Both female and male GALKO mice displayed a reduction in GAL mRNA to background levels in the PVN. Expression of ORX and MCH in the PFLH was markedly reduced in female GALKO mice (*, p < 0.01), while increased in male GALKO mice (**, p<0.001).
