Table 3.
Effect of SUMOylation on transcription factors present in the PML-NBs. Several transcription factors have a predicted PDSM motif but have not been shown to be SUMOylated (ARI3A, Ataxin7, FLASH, HDAC2, HHEX, HIRA, LBP1, mTOR, MZF, NCOR1, NR4A1, PAR4, PAX5, SIRT1, SKI, SP140, THAP1 and ZNF24). About the remainder of the transcription factors associated with PML-NBs there is no available data regarding SUMOylation.
| UniProtID | Name | Motif | Residue | Effect of SUMOylation | Positieve/negative Effect (+/-) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P27540 | ARNT | NDSM | K245 | SUMOylation affects the ability of ARNT to interact with cooperative molecules such as PML123 | - |
| Q9BYV9 | BACH2 | NDSM | SUMOylation is an important regulatory system for the mobility of the nuclear domains formed by Bach2124 | + | |
| Q92793 | CBP | NDSM | SUMO modification negatively modulates the transcriptional activity of CREB-binding protein125 | - | |
| P01100 | C-FOS | NDSM | K299, K257 | SUMOylation down-regulates c-Fos/c-Jun AP-1 dimer activity 126 | - |
| P05412 | C-JUN | NDSM | K257, K 229 | SUMOylation down-regulates c-Fos/c-Jun AP-1 dimer activity 126 | - |
| P10242 | C-MYB | N/PDSM | K499, K523 | SUMO1-ylation regulates the transactivation function of c-Myb127 | - |
| Q9UER7 | Daxx | K630, K631 | Role of Daxx SUMOylation unknown125, 128 | ||
| Q15910 | EZH2 | NDSM | Modulation of polycomb repressive complex 2129 | ||
| P23769 | GATA2 | NDSM | Negative regulation of transcriptional activity130 | - | |
| Q13547 | HDAC1 | NDSM | K444, K476 | SUMOylation reduces HDAC1-mediated transcriptional repression131 | - |
| Q86Z02 | HIPK1 | NDSM | SUMOylation induces a cytoplasmic translocation leading to ASK1-JNK activation132 | + | |
| Q9H2X6 | HIPK2 | NDSM | K25 | SUMOylation inhibits HIPK2-induced JNK activation and p53-independent antiproliferative function133 | - |
| Q03933 | HSF2 | NDSM | K82 | SUMOylation of HSF2 results in conversion to the active DNA binding form134 | + |
| Q9UJU2 | LEF1 | SUMOylation induces potent repression of LEF1 activity135 | - | ||
| Q99607 | MEF/ELF4 | K657 | SUMOylation down-regulates ELF4 activity136 | - | |
| Q15596 | NCOA2 (human, GRIP1 mouse | NDSM | K239, K731, K788 | SUMOylation of GRIP1 (mouse equivalent of NCOA2) enhances binding to the androgen receptor137 | + |
| Q9Y618 | NCOR2 | N/PDSM | unknown | ||
| O95644 | NFAT | NDSM | K684, K897 | SUMOylation of K684 is required for NFAT1 transcriptional activity, SUMOylation of K897 is only required for nuclear anchorage138 | + |
| O00482 | NR5A2 | NDSM | K173,K289 | SUMOylation is associated with transcription repression139 | - |
| Q8N726 | p14ARF | N/A | Not SUMOylated. Promotes SUMOylation by enhancing UBC935 | + | |
| P04637 | p53 | K386 | SUMOylation induces premature senescence and stress response116 | + | |
| Q9H3D4 | p63 | K637 | SUMOylation has a negative effect on p63 driven transcription140 | - | |
| O15350 | p73 | K627 | SUMO1-ylation of p73 is involved its proteasome-dependent degradation, subnuclear localization and modulation of interactions with other SUMO1 substrates116 | - | |
| Q8N2W9 | PIASy | NDSM | K35 | SUMO1-ylation of PIASy is necessary for PIASy-dependent activation of Tcf-441 | + |
| Q05516 | PLZF | NDSM | K242, K387, K396 | SUMOylation enhances the transcriptional repression activity, correlating with a loss of PLZF-mediated growth suppression141 | + |
| P29590 | PML | NDSM | K65, K160, K490 | SUMOylation is important for nuclear localization of PML and nuclear body formation4 | + |
| P06400 | pRB | NDSM | SUMOylation induces premature senescence and stress response142 | + | |
| P14373 | RFP/TRIM27 | SUMOylation strengthens the transcriptional repressive activity of RFP143 | + | ||
| P78317 | RNF4 | N/A | SUMOylation of RNF4 not shown, RNF4 is a SUMO-dependent Ubiquitin ligase for poly-SUMOylated proteins12 | ||
| Q01826 | SATB1 | NDSM | K744 | SUMOylation enhances caspase cleavage of SATB1144 | - |
| Q96ST3 | SIN3A | NDSM | SUMOylation regulates tumorsupression of SIN3a38 | ||
| Q6PEW1 | SIZN | SUMOylation mediates localization in PML-NBs145 | |||
| P84022 | SMAD3 | SUMOylation affects the DNA-binding activity of Smad3 and induces nuclear export146 | - | ||
| P08047 | SP1 | NDSM | K16 | SUMOylation inhibits cleavage of Sp1 N-terminal negative regulatory domain and inhibits Sp1-dependent transcription147 | - |
| P11831 | SRF | NDSM | K147 | Activated SRF is suppressed by its SUMOylation148 | - |
| Q15022 | SUZ12 | NDSM | K72, K73, K75 | SUMOylation modulates PRC2 repressive activity129 | +/- |
| Q9NQB0 | TCF4 | NDSM | K297 | SUMOylation is involved in beta-catenin-dependent and Tcf-4-mediated gene expression in the Wnt signaling pathway41 | + |
| O15164 | TIF1/TRIM24 | NDSM | K690, K708 | unknown | |
| Q92993 | TIP60 | NDSM | K430, K451 | SUMOylation of TIP60 augments its acetyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo149 | + |
| P13056 | TR2 | NDSM | SUMOylated TR2 recruits corepressor RIP140 to act as a repressor for its target Oct4150 | - | |
| O95551 | TTRAP | Unknown | |||
| Q9UBW7 | ZNF198 | K963 | SUMOylation of ZNF198 is important for PML body formation151 | + | |
| Q9Y4E5 | ZNF451 | NDSM | ZNF451 exerts its effects via SUMOylation and trafficking of transcription regulators between promyelocytic leukemia bodies and nucleoplasm152 |