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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jan;21(1):1–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01826.x

Table 1.

The Modes of Growth Factor Delivery for Promoting Dental Implant Osseointegration

Growth Factor Mechanisms Delivery Mode Reference
BMPs (−2 & −7) Osteogenic lineage differentiation Recombinant protein (Barboza et al., 2004, Bianchi et al., 2004, Brandao et al., 2002, Cochran et al., 1999, Nevins et al., 1996)
Gene delivery (Dunn et al., 2005)
PDGF-BB Mitogenesis and chemotaxis of mesenchymal and
osteogenic cells populations		 Recombinant protein (Lee et al., 2000b, Nevins et al., 2005)
Gene delivery (Jin et al., 2004, Chang et al., 2009a)
TGF-β Mitogenesis of osteoblasts Recombinant protein (Ng et al., 2008, Xu et al., 2008)
IGFs (−1 & −2) Collagen matrix production and stabilization,
mitogenesis		 Recombinant protein (Giustina et al., 2008)
FGF-2 Mitogenesis and anti-apoptosis of osteoprogenitor cells Recombinant protein (Kitamura et al., 2008, Marie, 2003)
PDGF-BB/IGF-1 Combinational effects of dual growth factors Recombinant protein (Becker et al., 1992, Stefani et al., 2000)
BMP-2/VEGF Combinational effects of dual growth factors Recombinant protein (Huang et al., 2005, Patel et al., 2008)
BMP-2/FGF-2 Combinational effects of dual growth factors Recombinant protein (Lan et al., 2006)
BMP-2/TGF-β Combinational effects of dual growth factors Recombinant protein (Sumner et al., 2006)

Abbreviations: BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor, FGF: fibroblast growth factor; VEGF: vascular-endothelial growth factor