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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jan;21(1):1–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01826.x

Table 3.

Correlation between Biomechanical Testing and Peri-Implant Structures (Primary Stability)

Methodology Model Structure
Assessment		 Structural
Parameters		 Correlation Reference (s)
PO Canine Histology CBT r=0.44 * (Salmoria et al., 2008)
IT Human cadaver CT (3D) BMD r=0.690 * (Turkyilmaz et al., 2009)
RFA Human cadaver CT (3D) BMD r=0.557 * (Turkyilmaz et al., 2009)
IT Human cadaver Micro-CT (3D) Tb.Th
Tb.N
Tb.Sp		 r=0.825 *
r=0.718 *
r=−0.795 * 		(Akça et al., 2006)
RFA Human cadaver Micro-CT (3D) Tb.Th
Tb.N
Tb.Sp		 N.S. for any of parameter (Akça et al., 2006)
IT Human cadaver CT (3D) BMD r2=0.81 * (Homolka et al., 2002)
IT Human CT (3D) BMD r=0.10-0.83 * (Turkyilmaz et al., 2007)
RFA Human CT (3D) BMD r=0.34-0.91 * (Turkyilmaz et al., 2007)
IT Human cadaver CT (3D) BMD r=0.86 * (Beer et al., 2003)
IT Human CT (3D) BMD (ID<4 mm)
BMD (ID>4 mm)		 r=0.33-0.59 *
r=0.05-0.29		 (Turkyilmaz et al., 2006)
RT Human cadaver Calipers CBT
TBT		 p<0.05 *
N.S.		 (Niimi et al., 1997)
*

p<0.05

Abbreviations: IT: insertional torque; PO: pull-out; PS: push-out; RFA: resonance frequency analysis; CT: computed tomography; CBT: cortical bone thickness; BIC: bone-implant contact; BVD: bone-volume density; BMD: bone mineral density; BV/TV: bone volume/total volume; ID: implant diameter; TBT: total bone thickness; Tb.Th: trabecular thickness; Tb.N: trabecular number; Tb.Sp: trabecular separation; Conn.D: connectivity density; N.S.: no significant difference (p>0.05)